6 research outputs found
Eating two larger meals a day (breakfast and lunch) is more effective than six smaller meals in a reduced-energy regimen for patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised crossover study
The impact of phosphodiesteraseâ5 inhibition or angiotensinâconverting enzyme inhibition on right and left ventricular remodeling in heart failure due to chronic volume overload
Abstract While phosphodiesteraseâ5 inhibition (PED5i) may prevent hypertrophy and failure in pressureâoverloaded heart in an experimental model, the impact of PDE5i on volumeâoverload (VO)âinduced hypertrophy is unknown. It is also unclear whether the hypertrophied right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) differ in their responsiveness to longâterm PDE5i and if this therapy affects renal function. The goal of this study was to elucidate the effect of PDE5i treatment in VO due to aortoâcaval fistula (ACF) and to compare PDE5i treatment with standard heart failure (HF) therapy with angiotensinâconverting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi). ACF/sham procedure was performed on male HanSD rats aged 8âweeks. ACF animals were randomized for PDE5i sildenafil, ACEi trandolapril, or placebo treatments. After 20âweeks, RV and LV function (echocardiography, pressureâvolume analysis), myocardial gene expression, and renal function were studied. Separate rat cohorts served for survival analysis. ACF led to biventricular eccentric hypertrophy (LV: +68%, RV: +145%), increased stroke work (LV: 3.6âfold, RV: 6.7âfold), and reduced loadâindependent systolic function (PRSW, LV: â54%, RV: â51%). Both ACF ventricles exhibited upregulation of the genes of myocardial stress and glucose metabolism. ACEi but not PDE5i attenuated pulmonary congestion, LV remodeling, albuminuria, and improved survival (median survival in ACF/ACEi was 41âweeks vs. 35âweeks in ACF/placebo, pâ=â.02). PDE5i increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels in the lungs, but not in the RV, LV, or kidney. PDE5i did not improve survival rate and cardiac and renal function in ACF rats, in contrast to ACEi. VOâinduced HF is not responsive to PDE5i therapy
Complex Positive Effects of SGLT-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin in the Liver, Kidney and Adipose Tissue of Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemic Rats: Possible Contribution of Attenuation of Cell Senescence and Oxidative Stress
(1) Background: empagliflozin, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, is an effective antidiabetic agent with strong cardio- and nephroprotective properties. The mechanisms behind its cardio- and nephroprotection are still not fully clarified. (2) Methods: we used male hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (hHTG) rats, a non-obese model of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction fed standard diet with or without empagliflozin for six weeks to explore the molecular mechanisms of empagliflozin effects. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics; quantitative PCR of relevant genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, or senescence; glucose and palmitic acid oxidation in isolated tissues and cell lines of adipocytes and hepatocytes were used. (3) Results: empagliflozin inhibited weight gain and decreased adipose tissue weight, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides and increased HDL-cholesterol. It also improved insulin sensitivity in white fat. NMR spectroscopy identified higher plasma concentrations of ketone bodies, ketogenic amino acid leucine and decreased levels of pyruvate and alanine. In the liver, adipose tissue and kidney, empagliflozin up-regulated expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and down-regulated expression of genes involved in lipogenesis along with reduction of markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and cell senescence. (4) Conclusion: multiple positive effects of empagliflozin, including reduced cell senescence and oxidative stress, could contribute to its long-term cardio- and nephroprotective actions
Carnitine supplementation alleviates lipid metabolism derangements and protects against oxidative stress in non-obese hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats
Additional file 3: of Combined intervention with pioglitazone and n-3 fatty acids in metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients: improvement of lipid metabolism
Serum levels of inflammatory markers in the postprandial state. (DOCX 39 kb
Additional file 2: of Combined intervention with pioglitazone and n-3 fatty acids in metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients: improvement of lipid metabolism
The content of linoleic acid (LA) in serum phospholipids. (DOCX 94 kb