Descriptive Data of the Biomechanical and Tomographic Measurements and Interaction (Difference Between the Two Age-groups in the Exercise-effect) of the Female Rats.

<p>^a p<0.001, ^b p<0.01, ^c p<0.05 vs. corresponding control group; ^d p<0.001, ^e p<0.01, ^f p<0.05 vs. corresponding Mature group.</p>*<p>values adjusted with body weight and femoral length; for details, see Statistical analysis.</p><p>tBMC, total bone mineral content; tBMD, total bone mineral density; tCSA, total cross-sectional area; Fmax, breaking load; cBMD, cortical bone mineral density; cCSA, cortical cross-sectional area; TV, total bone marrow volume; BV, bone volume; Tb.N, mean trabecular number; Tb.Th, mean trabecular thickness; Tb.Sp, mean trabecular separation.</p

The Progressive Treadmill Exercise Regimen Used for Female Rats.

<p>The Progressive Treadmill Exercise Regimen Used for Female Rats.</p

The Design of the Study.

<p>The Design of the Study.</p

The Body Weight Curves and a Kaplan-Meier Plot Demonstrating the Survival of the Male and Female Rats in This Experiment.

<p>The Body Weight Curves and a Kaplan-Meier Plot Demonstrating the Survival of the Male and Female Rats in This Experiment.</p

Descriptive Data of the Biomechanical and Tomographic Measurements and Interaction (Difference Between the Two Age-groups in the Exercise-effect) of the Male Rats.

<p>^a p<0.001, ^b p<0.01, ^c p<0.05 vs. corresponding control group; ^d p<0.001, ^e p<0.01, ^f p<0.05 vs. corresponding Mature group.</p>*<p>values adjusted with body weight and femoral length; for details, see Statistical analysis.</p><p>tBMC, total bone mineral content; tBMD, total bone mineral density; tCSA, total cross-sectional area; Fmax, breaking load; cBMD, cortical bone mineral density; cCSA, cortical cross-sectional area; TV, total bone marrow volume; BV, bone volume; Tb.N, mean trabecular number; Tb.Th, mean trabecular thickness; Tb.Sp, mean trabecular separation.</p

Functional Bone Adaptation (A) and the Proposed Hypothesis for Age-related Osteoporosis (B).

<p>Functional Bone Adaptation (A) and the Proposed Hypothesis for Age-related Osteoporosis (B).</p

The Progressive Treadmill Exercise Regimen Used for Male Rats.

<p>The Progressive Treadmill Exercise Regimen Used for Male Rats.</p

Effects of Aging on the Trabecular Bone Texture in the Proximal Tibial Metaphysis.

<p>Due to aging, the proportion of trabecular bone of the bone volume (TV/BV) is decreased in males and females. In addition, in males, the number (Tb.N.) and thickness (Tb.Th.) of the trabeculae is decreased, while the distance between individual trabeculae (Tb.Sp.) is increased.</p

Exercise Effect on Different Bone Traits of the Femoral Neck and Femoral Midshaft in Mature and Senescent Male and Female Rats.

<p>Bars represent percent (%) increases (± the standard error of the mean, SEM) of the exercise group compared to corresponding control group at the end of the treadmill exercise intervention in the femoral neck total bone content (tBMC); total bone density (tBMD); total bone area (tCSA); cortical bone density (cBMD); cortical bone area (cCSA); and breaking load (F_max). Significant differences between the exercised rats and their controls, and between the two age-groups in the exercise-effect, are indicated: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001. Results for tBMC, tCSA, cCSA, and F_max are adjusted for body weight and femoral length.</p

The Number of Rats at Different Period of the Experiment.

<p>The Number of Rats at Different Period of the Experiment.</p