480 research outputs found
Quantum Hall Effect, Screening and Layer-Polarized Insulating States in Twisted Bilayer Graphene
We investigate electronic transport in dual-gated twisted bilayer graphene.
Despite the sub-nanometer proximity between the layers, we identify independent
contributions to the magnetoresistance from the graphene Landau level spectrum
of each layer. We demonstrate that the filling factor of each layer can be
independently controlled via the dual gates, which we use to induce Landau
level crossings between the layers. By analyzing the gate dependence of the
Landau level crossings, we characterize the finite inter-layer screening and
extract the capacitance between the atomically-spaced layers. At zero filling
factor, we observe magnetic and displacement field dependent insulating states,
which indicate the presence of counter-propagating edge states with inter-layer
coupling.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Tunneling in graphene-topological insulator hybrid devices
Hybrid graphene-topological insulator (TI) devices were fabricated using a
mechanical transfer method and studied via electronic transport. Devices
consisting of bilayer graphene (BLG) under the TI BiSe exhibit
differential conductance characteristics which appear to be dominated by
tunneling, roughly reproducing the BiSe density of states. Similar
results were obtained for BLG on top of BiSe, with 10-fold greater
conductance consistent with a larger contact area due to better surface
conformity. The devices further show evidence of inelastic phonon-assisted
tunneling processes involving both BiSe and graphene phonons. These
processes favor phonons which compensate for momentum mismatch between the TI
and graphene points. Finally, the utility of these tunnel
junctions is demonstrated on a density-tunable BLG device, where the
charge-neutrality point is traced along the energy-density trajectory. This
trajectory is used as a measure of the ground-state density of states
Real Time Electron Tunneling and Pulse Spectroscopy in Carbon Nanotube Quantum Dots
We investigate a Quantum Dot (QD) in a Carbon Nanotube (CNT) in the regime
where the QD is nearly isolated from the leads. An aluminum single electron
transistor (SET) serves as a charge detector for the QD. We precisely measure
and tune the tunnel rates into the QD in the range between 1 kHz and 1 Hz,
using both pulse spectroscopy and real - time charge detection and measure the
excitation spectrum of the isolated QD.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
Bioplastic recovery from wastewater: A new protocol for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) extraction from mixed microbial cultures
A new protocol for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) extraction from mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) is proposed. PHA-accumulating capacity of the MMC was selected in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with a synthetic effluent emulating a fermented oil mill wastewater (OMW). The highest recovery yield and purity (74 ± 8% and 100 ± 5%, respectively) was obtained when using NH 4 -Laurate for which operating conditions of the extraction process such as temperature, concentration and contact time were optimized. Best conditions for PHA extraction from MMC turned to be: i) a pre-treatment with NaClO at 85 °C with 1 h of contact time, followed by ii) a treatment with lauric acid in a ratio acid lauric to biomass of 2:1 and 3 h of contact time
Magnetoresistance and quantum oscillations of an electrostatically tuned semimetal-to-metal transition in ultrathin WTe 2
We report on electronic transport measurements of electrostatically gated nanodevices of the semimetal WTe[subscript 2]. High mobility metallic behavior is achieved in the 2D limit by encapsulating thin flakes in an inert atmosphere. At low temperatures, we find that a large magnetoresistance can be turned on and off by electrostatically doping the system between a semimetallic state and an electron-only metallic state, respectively. We confirm the nature of the two regimes by analyzing the magnetoresistance and Hall effect with a two-carrier model, as well as by analysis of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, both of which indicate depletion of hole carriers via the electrostatic gate. This confirms that semiclassical transport of two oppositely charged carriers accurately describes the exceptional magnetoresistance observed in this material. Finally, we also find that the magnetoresistance power law is subquadratic and density independent, suggesting new physics specifically in the semimetallic regime.United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Science. Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (Award DE-SC0006418)United States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant FA9550-16-1-0382)Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (EPiQS Initiative Grant GBMF4541
Ferromagnetism in thin-film Cr-doped topological insulator Bi2Se3
We report on the observation of ferromagnetism in epitaxial thin films of the topological insulator compound Bi2Se3 with chromium doping. The structural, magnetic, and magnetoelectrical properties of Bi2Se3 were investigated for Cr concentrations up to 10%. For a Cr content up to similar to 5% the films are of good crystalline quality, with the lattice parameter a decreasing and the lattice parameter c increasing with increasing Cr concentration. The Curie temperature reached a maximum T-C=20K for 5.2% Cr. Well-defined ferromagnetic hysteresis in the magnetization and in the magnetoresistance was also observed in these films. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3688043
Measurement of Intrinsic Dirac Fermion Cooling on the Surface of the Topological Insulator Bi_2Se_3 Using Time-Resolved and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
We perform time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of a prototypical topological insulator (TI) Bi_2Se_3 to study the ultrafast dynamics of surface and bulk electrons after photoexcitation. By analyzing the evolution of surface states and bulk band spectra, we obtain their electronic temperature and chemical potential relaxation dynamics separately. These dynamics reveal strong phonon-assisted surface-bulk coupling at high lattice temperature and total suppression of inelastic scattering between the surface and the bulk at low lattice temperature. In this low temperature regime, the unique cooling of Dirac fermions in TI by acoustic phonons is manifested through a power law dependence of the surface temperature decay rate on carrier density
Subdiffractional focusing and guiding of polaritonic rays in a natural hyperbolic material
Uniaxial materials whose axial and tangential permittivities have opposite
signs are referred to as indefinite or hyperbolic media. In such materials
light propagation is unusual, leading to novel and often non-intuitive optical
phenomena. Here we report infrared nano-imaging experiments demonstrating that
crystals of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), a natural mid-infrared hyperbolic
material, can act as a "hyper-focusing lens" and as a multi-mode waveguide. The
lensing is manifested by subdiffractional focusing of phonon-polaritons
launched by metallic disks underneath the hBN crystal. The waveguiding is
revealed through the modal analysis of the periodic patterns observed around
such launchers and near the sample edges. Our work opens new opportunities for
anisotropic layered insulators in infrared nanophotonics complementing and
potentially surpassing concurrent artificial hyperbolic materials with lower
losses and higher optical localization.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure
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