Genotype and soil type influence on morphological characteristics, Yield and oil content of oil-flax

The three-year trial investigated the individual and the mutual interaction among three genotypes of oil-flax (Olin, Zlatko, Ljupko) and subtype of soil (chernozem with signs of gleyzation and chernozem on sandy loess) and their influence on morpho-physiological traits, yield and oil-flax oil content. The tallest stems (70.3 cm) had the Olin variety in agro-ecological conditions of Southern Banat region. Number of capsules per plant and number of grains per capsule was dependent on agroecological conditions in the investigated year. The largest number of capsules (68) per plant had the Zlatko variety, while the highest average grains number in the capsules (8.2) was at the Olin variety. The obtained values of the studied varieties for these two variables were not statistically significant. On average, the highest oil-flax seed yield gave the Ruben variety (1416.3 kg ha-1), which was higher for about 9.45% compared to the Ljupko variety, and 9.65% compared to the Olin variety. The highest oil content was at the Ljupko variety (41.1%). This value was higher by 1.21 rel.% compared to the Zlatko variety (40.6%), and 0.07 rel.% compared to the Olin variety (40.8%). Three-year average grains yield (Starcevo locality) was 1430.6 kg ha-1. The yield increasing at chernozem with signs of gleyzation compared to plants grown on chernozem on sandy loess (Devojacki Bunar locality) was 17%. On the other hand, the oil content in general was higher in this type of soil than on chernozem with signs of gleyzation (41.0% vs. 40.7%)

Estimation of the explosive mass based on the surface explosion crater on asphalt

In the course of court trials and for the purpose of legal proceedings, forensic engineers often produce estimations of the explosive mass based on the explosion effect using empirical formulas. This paper describes experimental surface explosions of variable mass of known explosive charge on the asphalt with the objective to make correlations between causes and consequences of an explosion. Dimensions of the resulting craters were measured and an overview of experimental tests and reliability of nine equations for calculating the mass of explosive based on the dimensions of the craters is given. The asphalt surfaces were chosen since the highest number of explosions, which are the results of terrorist or some other criminal acts, occur in urban conditions where asphalt is the dominant surface. Based on the given overview it is possible to give an evaluation of equation's reliability for explosive mass less than 1kg. The paper also gives the proposition of the new equations for preliminary estimation of explosive charge mass based on volume of the crater resulting from the surface explosion on asphalt

Estimation of the explosive mass based on the surface explosion crater on asphalt

U tijeku suđenja, a za potrebe sudskih postupaka, forenzički inženjeri često proizvode procjene ksplozivne mase na temelju učinka eksplozije pomoću empirijskih formula. Ovaj članak opisuje eksperimentalne površinske eksplozije na asfaltu sa promjenjivom masom poznatog eksplozivnog naboja s ciljem uspostavljanja korelacije između uzroka i posljedica eksplozije. Dimenzije proizišlih kratera su mjerene i dan je pregled eksperimentalnih ispitivanja i pouzdanost devet jednadžbi za izračunavanje mase eksploziva na temelju dimenzije kratera. Obzirom da se najveći broj eksplozija, koje su posljedica terorističkih ili nekih drugih kaznenih djela, dogadja u urbanim uvjetima gdje je asfalt dominantna površina izabran je asfalt za ispitivanje. Na temelju danog pregleda je moguće dati procjenu pouzdanosti jednadžbi za eksplozivne naboje manje od 1 kg. Rad također daje prijedlog novih jednadžbi za preliminarne procjene mase eksplozivnog punjenja na temelju volumena kratera kao posljedice eksplozije na površini asfalta.In the course of court trials and for the purpose of legal proceedings, forensic engineers often produce estimations of the explosive mass based on the explosion effect using empirical formulas. This paper describes experimental surface explosions of variable mass of known explosive charge on the asphalt with the objective to make correlations between causes and consequences of an explosion. Dimensions of the resulting craters were measured and an overview of experimental tests and reliability of nine equations for calculating the mass of explosive based on the dimensions of the craters is given. The asphalt surfaces were chosen since the highest number of explosions, which are the results of terrorist or some other criminal acts, occur in urban conditions where asphalt is the dominant surface. Based on the given overview it is possible to give an evaluation of equation’s reliability for explosive mass less than 1 kg. The paper also gives the proposition of the new equations for preliminary estimation of explosive charge mass based on volume of the crater resulting from the surface explosion on asphalt

Determination of pressure profiles behind projectiles during interior ballistic cycle

For lumped parameter models it was especially important to determine the pressure on the projectile base, pressure on the chamber base and pressure for the propellant burning law. In the paper two analytical methods and one numerical method are considered. The analytical methods of proportionate expansion and two-phase mixture are studied. Pressure profiles are also computed numerically by TWOPIB code, which is based on the model of two-phase flow of solid propellant and its products of combustion, treated as separate phases with appropriate conservation laws and interactions between phases. Through comparison with experimental results on the real weapon system TWOPIB code showed great advantages over analytical methods

Explosive reactive armor: theoretical and experimental studies

Study of interaction of explosive reactive armor (ERA) with shaped charge jet is the basis for evaluation of ERA effectiveness. Theoretical model of this interaction is given. It is incorporated in the ERASC computer code. Experimental investigations comprise influence of upper and down plate thickness, jet attack angle, distance between ERA and main armor, etc. Computational results of ERASC code are compared with experimental data. Very good agreement between computational and experimental results of penetration in the steel target is observed. The developed code enables optimisation of explosive reactive armor

Modeling of perforation of plates and multi-layered metallic targets

The perforation of monolithic and multi-layered thin metallic plates by flat-ended cylindrical penctrator is considered. The most relevant analytical penetration models with their most important assumptions, basic process mechanisms, and key analytical relations for plugging mode of monolithic plates penetration are reviewed. Comparative analysis of computational results and our experimental data show significant compatibility of process basic parameters and also indicates certain limitations of the analytical models. It has been concluded that phenomenological model with deformable penetrator represents the best analytical approximation of penetration process. By modification of this model, the improved penetration model is creawed, whose results better correspond with experimental data. The improved model is applied to the analysis of perforation of multi-layered targets with spaced layers. Theoretical results for the case of double-layer target are especially analyzed. These results enable the formulation of certain conclusions of considerable practical importance

Modeling of perforation of plates and multi-layered metallic targets

The perforation of monolithic and multi-layered thin metallic plates by flat-ended cylindrical penctrator is considered. The most relevant analytical penetration models with their most important assumptions, basic process mechanisms, and key analytical relations for plugging mode of monolithic plates penetration are reviewed. Comparative analysis of computational results and our experimental data show significant compatibility of process basic parameters and also indicates certain limitations of the analytical models. It has been concluded that phenomenological model with deformable penetrator represents the best analytical approximation of penetration process. By modification of this model, the improved penetration model is creawed, whose results better correspond with experimental data. The improved model is applied to the analysis of perforation of multi-layered targets with spaced layers. Theoretical results for the case of double-layer target are especially analyzed. These results enable the formulation of certain conclusions of considerable practical importance