Alternative Techniques for Blind Low Vision Students Enrolled in Coding Courses

BLV (blind low vision) students face difficulties when taking coding classes. Individual Development Environments (IDE) can be inaccessible which make it difficult if not impossible for BLV students to complete coursework. Alternative techniques are described which will allow a BLV student to successfully complete coursework. The author has found the Command Line Interface (CLI) is often a recommended alternative to a Windows based IDE interface. Many blind computer programmers use the Windows and Linux command interfaces which are described as part of this discussion

Arendt on Arendt: Reflecting on the Meaning of the Eichmann Controversy

This thesis examines the controversy surrounding the publication of Hannah Arendt’s Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (1963). More specifically, this study focuses on the American Jewish response to the text, examining how the controversy itself provoked a watershed of change in conceptions and understandings of the Holocaust, and by extension, notions of Jewish identity and discourse in the modern world. This study will consider the importance of viewing the controversy as a conversation rather than simply a rigid dichotomy. In failing to see how each side communicated with the other, scholars sometimes themselves reinforce the rigidity of this division, either by emphasizing only the difference between each side or by defending one position over another. Viewing this controversy as a conversation will also allow this study to examine not only how pre-existing perspectives clashed in the debate, but also how these perspectives were in turn changed by this encounter. The controversy did not simply present opposing views, but built up new views on history and identity as a result. This thesis will end on an investigation of Arendt’s own reaction to the controversy: though she herself provoked the debate, she considered it to have failed in generating a ‘real’ controversy. Arendt believed the Eichmann controversy failed not because her critics misinterpreted her book, but because the debate produced a monolithic response, inhibiting the possibility and endless plurality of opinion Arendt considered hallmarks of effective public discourse. This thesis concludes that the controversy was indeed a ‘real’ one, for both sides openly articulated the necessity of openness, plurality and disagreement in public debates. In the end, this thesis hopes to rewrite the story of the controversy in order to revive its lessons about public discourse rather than repeating historiographical approaches that, in focusing on the ways in which the controversy failed to break down a dichotomy of interpretation, only serving to maintain the static and unproductive logic of the debate. In a word, this thesis defends a new telling of the history of this controversy, one that identifies and learns from the manner in which each side of the debate engaged the other: both ultimately defended the virtue of political contestation and provoked a flood of new questions in scholarship. In short, this study will examine the social reality of an idea

Usefulness of balloon angioplasty for the right ventricle-pulmonary artery shunt with the modified norwood procedure

Objective We sought to evaluate the efficacy of balloon angioplasty (BA) for severely desaturated patients due to a stenotic right ventricle (RV) to pulmonary artery (PA) shunt following modified Norwood procedure. Methods Of 87 patients who underwent a Norwood procedure with the RV-PA shunt between February 1998 through March 2010, 22 (25%) patients underwent BA. The efficacy of BA was assessed by angiographic measurement of the changes in the internal diameters of the stenotic portions of the shunt, changes in arterial saturation and clinical outcomes. Results BA was performed for stenotic RV-PA shunts following stage I palliation (n = 17, 77%), or those placed as an additional blood source (n = 5, 23%, 3 patients awaiting biventricular repair, 2 patients following stage II palliation). The location of the BA was at the distal anastomosis in 12 (54.5%), proximal anastomosis in 21 (95.4%) and in the mid-portion of the shunt in 11 (50%) cases. The diameters of these three shunt portions were measured from the anteriorposterior and lateral angiographic images, increasing significantly after BA (p < 0.0001) in all. Arterial saturation significantly improved after BA in all cases (66.5 +/- 4.3% to 79.4 +/- 3.4%, p < 0.0001). Freedom from reintervention was 100%. All patients underwent subsequent elective planned surgery at an appropriate age with no mortality. Conclusions A BA-alone strategy for a stenotic RV-PA shunt was effective for all three shunt portions, minimizing shunt-related premature surgical intervention