Stage 1 Registered Report: How responsibility attributions to self and others relate to outcome ownership in group decisions [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Responsibility judgements have important consequences in human society. Previous research focused on how someone's responsibility determines the outcome they deserve, for example, whether they are rewarded or punished. Here, we investigate the opposite link: How outcome ownership influences responsibility attributions in a social context. Participants in a group of three perform a majority vote decision-making task between gambles that can lead to a reward or no reward. Only one group member receives the outcome and participants evaluate their and the other players' responsibility for the obtained outcome. Two hypotheses are tested: 1) Whether outcome ownership increases responsibility attributions even when the control over an outcome is similar. 2) Whether people's tendency to attribute higher responsibility for positive vs negative outcomes will be stronger for players who received the outcome. The findings of this study may help reveal how credit attributions can be biased toward particular individuals who receive outcomes as a result of collective work

Stage 1 Registered Report: How responsibility attributions to self and others relate to outcome ownership in group decisions [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]

Responsibility judgements have important consequences in human society. Previous research focused on how someone's responsibility determines the outcome they deserve, for example, whether they are rewarded or punished. Here, we investigate the opposite link: How outcome ownership influences responsibility attributions in a social context. Participants in a group of three perform a majority vote decision-making task between gambles that can lead to a reward or no reward. Only one group member receives the outcome and participants evaluate their and the other players' responsibility for the obtained outcome. Two hypotheses are tested: 1) Whether outcome ownership increases responsibility attributions even when the control over an outcome is similar. 2) Whether people's tendency to attribute higher responsibility for positive vs negative outcomes will be stronger for players who received the outcome. The findings of this study may help reveal how credit attributions can be biased toward particular individuals who receive outcomes as a result of collective work

Esthétique de l’entremêlement dans les portraits du jeune Lancelot et de Claudas de la Terre Déserte dans le Lancelot en prose

Les modèles préconisés par les arts poétiques pour la description des personnes laissent à ceux qui se livrent à l’exercice du portrait la possibilité de renouveler le modèle théorique. Cette étude propose une analyse des portraits, en regard l’un de l’autre, du jeune Lancelot et de Claudas de la Terre Déserte tels qu’ils apparaissent dans le Lancelot en prose. Le rédacteur de ce roman développe les portraits autour des notions d’« entremêlement » des composantes des deux personnages et de « mesure » dans leurs proportions. Si la mesure est d’ordinaire source d’harmonie, le traitement réservé à ces deux personnages prouve plutôt le contraire. Quant à l’« entremêlement », il présente un résultat différent selon que l’on considère Claudas ou Lancelot. Le premier reste ambivalent, double, tandis que le second dépasse les éléments contradictoires qui le composent en les intégrant : ces derniers fusionnent en se valorisant mutuellement.The poetic arts have recommended models for describing characters. However, these models are not fixed and allow anyone who wishes to portray a character to renew them. This study offers a comparative portrait analysis of the young Lancelot and Claudas de la Terre Déserte as they appear in Lancelot en prose. The author of this novel develops the portraits through notions of entremêlement [entanglement] of the components of the two characters and of mesure [measure] of their proportions. If measure is usually a source of harmony, the manner of describing the two characters proves rather the opposite. The results differ for Claudas or Lancelot when entremêlement [entanglement] is considered. The former is ambivalent, double, whilst the latter transcends the contradictory elements that compose him by integrating them. Their merger increases the value of each another

In vitro and in vivo validation of human and goat chondrocyte labeling by green fluorescent protein lentivirus transduction

We investigated whether human articular chondrocytes can be labeled efficiently and for long-term with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) lentivirus and whether the viral transduction would influence cell proliferation and tissue-forming capacity. The method was then applied to track goat articular chondrocytes after autologous implantation in cartilage defects. Expression of GFP in transduced chondrocytes was detected cytofluorimetrically and immunohistochemically. Chondrogenic capacity of chondrocytes was assessed by Safranin-O staining, immunostaining for type II collagen, and glycosaminoglycan content. Human articular chondrocytes were efficiently transduced with GFP lentivirus (73.4 +/- 0.5% at passage 1) and maintained the expression of GFP up to 22 weeks of in vitro culture after transduction. Upon implantation in nude mice, 12 weeks after transduction, the percentage of labeled cells (73.6 +/- 3.3%) was similar to the initial one. Importantly, viral transduction of chondrocytes did not affect the cell proliferation rate, chondrogenic differentiation, or tissue-forming capacity, either in vitro or in vivo. Goat articular chondrocytes were also efficiently transduced with GFP lentivirus (78.3 +/- 3.2%) and maintained the expression of GFP in the reparative tissue after orthotopic implantation. This study demonstrates the feasibility of efficient and relatively long-term labeling of human chondrocytes for co-culture on integration studies, and indicates the potential of this stable labeling technique for tracking animal chondrocytes for in cartilage repair studies

Harmonie et disharmonie

« La consonance [consonantia] est l’accord [concordia], réduit à l’unité [in unum redacta], de sons dissemblables [dissimilium inter se vocum] », affirme Boèce dans son De institutione musica, traité de musique composé vers 510 qui synthétise les principes fondamentaux de la théorie pythagoricienne et platonicienne de la musique et qui, de l’époque carolingienne à la fin du Moyen Âge, servira de référence principale à toute réflexion relative à cette « discipline ». La consonance ne concerne ..