Wood from the Netherlands around the time of the Santorini eruption dated by dendrochronology and radiocarbon

Eighteen new high-precision radiocarbon (C) dates obtained for dendrochronologically dated wood from Bodegraven, the Netherlands are reported. They are relevant for establishing the revised calibration curve around the time of the Bronze Age Santorini eruption. Most of our new data overlap within one sigma with IntCal13, but a few data points are slightly increased in C age compared to IntCal13

Route persistence. Modelling and quantifying historical route-network stability from the Roman period to early-modern times (AD 100–1600):a case study from the Netherlands

Research on route-network stability is rare. In time, due to cultural and/or natural causes, settlement locations and route orientation shift. The nature of these spatial changes sheds light on the complex interaction between settlements and surrounding natural landscape conditions. This study investigates the stability of route networks in the Netherlands during the past two millennia by determining their persistence through time. Environmental, archaeological and historical data are used to reconstruct and compare route networks. By using network friction, archaeological data on settlement patterns and route networks in combination with historical data (e.g. old maps), we were able to model route-network persistence (not necessarily continuity) from the Roman to early medieval periods (AD 100–800) and from the Early Middle Ages to the Early Modern Times (AD 800–1600). Results show that around 67.6% of the modelled early-mediëval routes in the Netherlands are persistent with routes in the Roman period. Covering a much larger surface area of the Netherlands, 24.5% of the early-modern routes show a clear persistence with their early-medieval counterparts. Besides the differences in surface area, this downfall can largely be explained by cultural dynamics, with 71.4% of the earlymodern route network following modelled movement corridors. already in existence during the Early Middle Ages

SOFTWARE REPORT TRICYCLE: A UNIVERSAL CONVERSION TOOL FOR DIGITAL TREE-RING DATA

ABSTRACT There are at least 21 dendro-data formats used in dendrochronology laboratories around the world. Many of these formats are read by a limited number of programs, thereby inhibiting collaboration, limiting critical review of analyses, and risking the long-term accessibility of datasets. Some of the older formats are supported by a single program and are falling into disuse, opening the risk for data to become obsolete and unreadable. These formats also have a variety of flaws, including but not limited to no accurate method for denoting measuring units, little or no metadata support, lack of support for variables other than whole ring widths (e.g. earlywood/latewood widths, ratios and density). The proposed long-term solution is the adoption of a universal data standard such as the Tree-Ring Data Standard (TRiDaS). In the short and medium term, however, a tool is required that is capable of converting not only back and forth to this standard, but between any of the existing formats in use today. Such a tool is also required to provide continued access to data archived in obscure formats. This paper describes TRiCYCLE, a new application that does just this. TRiCYCLE is an open-source, cross-platform, desktop application for the conversion of the most commonly used data formats. Two open source Java libraries upon which TRiCYCLE depends are also described. These libraries can be used by developers to implement support for all data formats within their own applications

Історія становлення міжнародного суду ООН

Досліджується історія розвитку міжнародного правосуддя та діяльності інституту судової системи на міжнародному рівні, особливості становлення Міжнародного Суду ООН та його попередниці Постійної Палати міжнародного правосуддя в рамках Ліги Націй.Исследуется история развития международного правосудия и деятельности института судебной системы на международном уровне, особенности становления Международного Суда ООН и его предшественника Постоянной Палаты международного правосудия в рамках Лиги Наций.In the article author explores the history of international justice and the judicial system of the institute on the international level.Feature of theformation International Court of Justice and its predecessor the Permanent Court of International Justice by the League of Nations

Maastricht Markt 55. Projectnummer dendrochronologie (Stichting RING): 1989013

Dendrochronological research projec

's-Hertogenbosch Gasthuisstraat 8. Projectnummer dendrochronologie (Stichting RING): 1994042

Dendrochronological research projec

Den Haag. Projectnummer dendrochronologie (Stichting RING): 1987013

Dendrochronological research projec

Utrecht, Oudegracht 67. Projectnummer dendrochronologie (Stichting RING): 1988014

Dendrochronological research projec