Intelligent Financial Fraud Detection Practices: An Investigation

Financial fraud is an issue with far reaching consequences in the finance industry, government, corporate sectors, and for ordinary consumers. Increasing dependence on new technologies such as cloud and mobile computing in recent years has compounded the problem. Traditional methods of detection involve extensive use of auditing, where a trained individual manually observes reports or transactions in an attempt to discover fraudulent behaviour. This method is not only time consuming, expensive and inaccurate, but in the age of big data it is also impractical. Not surprisingly, financial institutions have turned to automated processes using statistical and computational methods. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on financial fraud detection practices using such data mining methods, with a particular focus on computational intelligence-based techniques. Classification of the practices based on key aspects such as detection algorithm used, fraud type investigated, and success rate have been covered. Issues and challenges associated with the current practices and potential future direction of research have also been identified.Comment: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Networks (SecureComm 2014

Gastropod Community Structure in Seagrass Ecosystems in North Minahasa Ganges Waters

The purpose of this study was to determine the types of gastropods in the seagrass ecosystem in the waters of Gangga I Village, North Minahasa Regency through Species Density, Relative Density, Diversity and Dominance in the waters of Gangga I Village, North Minahasa Regency. The results of the study obtained 126 individuals consisting of 13 species (7 genera) from 7 families (3 orders). The results of the analysis of the gastropod community structure showed that the highest species density value was at point 1 of 1.67 ind/m², followed by point 2 of 1.43 ind/m² and the lowest was at point 3 of 1.20 ind/m². The low density of gastropods at the 3 points is assumed to be caused by the environmental conditions in which they live, food sources, and fishing activities carried out by the local community. The relative density value of species with the highest percentage is at point 3, namely, the species Nassarius albescens 0.167% and the species with the lowest percentage is at point 1, namely the species Xenoturris millepunctata 0.020%. The diversity index value which includes the high criteria is at point 1 of 3.25, while the diversity value which includes the medium criteria is at point 2 of 2.87 and point 3 of 2.42. The dominance value obtained from the analysis ranges from C = 0.09 to 0.12 which is classified as low. while the value of diversity which includes the medium criteria is at point 2 of 2.87 and point 3 of 2.42. The dominance value obtained from the analysis ranges from C = 0.09 to 0.12 which is classified as low. while the value of diversity which includes the medium criteria is at point 2 of 2.87 and point 3 of 2.42. The dominance value obtained from the analysis ranges from C = 0.09 to 0.12 which is classified as low.Keywords; Density; Diversity; Dominance; Environmental. AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis Gastropda di Ekosistem lamun perairan desa Gangga I, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara melalui: Kepadatan Spesies, Kepadatan Relatif, Keanekaragaman dan Dominansi di perairan Desa Gangga I Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh 126 individu yang terdiri atas 13 spesies (7 genera) dari 7 famili (3 ordo). Hasil analisis struktur komunitas gastropoda diperoleh nilai kepadatan spesies tertinggi pada titik 1 sebesar 1,67 ind/m², diikuti titik 2 sebesar 1,43 ind/m² dan yang terendah ada pada titik 3 sebesar 1,20 ind/m². Rendahnya kepadatan gastropoda pada ke 3 titik diasumsikan disebabkan oleh kondisi lingkungan tempat hidupnya, sumber makanan dan aktivitas perikanan yang dilakukan masyarakat setempat. Adapun Nilai kepadatan relatif jenis dengan persentase tertinggi ada pada titik 3, yaitu spesies Nassarius albescens 0,167% dan spesies dengan persentase terendah ada pada titik 1, yaitu spesies Xenoturris millepunctata 0,020%. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman yang termasuk kriteria tinggi terdapat pada titik 1 sebesar 3,25, sedangkan nilai keanekaragaman yang termasuk kriteria sedang terdapat pada titik 2 sebesar 2,87 dan titik 3 sebesar 2,42. Nilai dominansi yang diperoleh dari analisis berkisar C = 0,09 sampai dengan 0,12  yang tergolong rendah.Kata kunci; Kepadatan; Keanekaragaman; Dominansi; Lingkunga

Brauer-Thrall for totally reflexive modules over local rings of higher dimension

Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian local ring. Assume that $R$ has a pair $\{x,y\}$ of exact zerodivisors such that $\dim R/(x,y)\ge2$ and all totally reflexive $R/(x)$-modules are free. We show that the first and second Brauer--Thrall type theorems hold for the category of totally reflexive $R$-modules. More precisely, we prove that, for infinitely many integers $n$, there exists an indecomposable totally reflexive $R$-module of multiplicity $n$. Moreover, if the residue field of $R$ is infinite, we prove that there exist infinitely many isomorphism classes of indecomposable totally reflexive $R$-modules of multiplicity $n$.Comment: to appear in Algebras and Representation Theor