D-1 Gene Polymorphism in Salivary Gland Tumors

Objectives This study aimed to assess PD-1gene polymorphism in salivary gland tumors in patients referred to Khalili Hospital in Shiraz. Methods This case-control study evaluated 48 patients with salivary gland tumors and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. First, 5cc blood samples were obtained from patients and transferred to vials containing anti-coagulated EDTA. DNA was extracted, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed on the samples. The PD-1 gene genotype was determined using the Fermentas kit. After 24 hours of incubation, all the samples were electrophoresed. The genotypes were reported based on the size of bands, and the chi-square test was applied. To compare the alleles, the Fisher’s Exact test was applied. The Yates correction was used to compare the genotype and genotypic alleles based on the tumor grade. Results The mean age was 44.81±15.69 years in patients and 46.54± 13.86 years in controls. Statistical analysis did not show any significant difference in PD1 gene polymorphism between the two groups (P=0.098). No significant correlation was found between the genotype frequency and lymph node involvement (P=0.06), tumor genotype (P=0.12), side (right or left) (P=0.22), tumor location (P=0.27), and size or invasion of the tumor to the surrounding tissue (P=0.14). PD1.3 genotype frequency did not differ significantly between malignant and benign tumors (P=0.6). Conclusion This study did not reveal any significant difference in genotype frequency of PD1.3 in the patient and control groups; however, further studies are needed with a larger sample size to obtain more accurate results

Co-Infection Rates between SARS-CoV-2 and RSV in Oropharyngeal, Nasopharyngeal Aspirate and Saliva Samples of COVID-19 Patients, Shiraz, South of Iran

Statement of the Problem: Determining the prevalence of respiratory viruses' coinfection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is essential to defining its true clinical influence.Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate co-infection rates between severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infected patients in Shiraz, south of Iran.Materials and Method: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA), and saliva samples of 50 COVID-19 patients who were referred to Ali-Asghar hospital (Shiraz, Iran) from March to August 2020, were collected. A control group consisted of age and sex-matched healthy participants. The nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal aspirates were collected by sterile swabs. All cases were hospitalized, and all SARS-CoV-2 patients had a fever and respiratory symptoms. The samples were packed in a vial with 1 mL of transport medium and transported to the Valfagre specialty laboratory, where they were tested for RSV using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: 100 nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal aspirates and saliva samples including 50 healthy controls (24 females, 26 males) and 50 COVID-19 patients' samples (27 males and 23 females) were studied. There was no significant difference regarding age as well as gender between both groups (P>0.05). None of the healthy subjects was infected with RSV; however, 5(10%) patients from COVID-19 group were infected with the RSV virus. Chi-square test did not show a significant difference between RSV infection in COVID-19 patients and healthy subjects.Conclusion: The outcome of present research showed that concurrent RSV with COVID 19 infection might be seen in hospitalized patients in Shiraz Southwest of Iran. For more reliable findings, further research on bigger populations, including more pathogens in several places around the country, and considering the severity of symptoms is required

Oral findings in chronic kidney disease. A cross-sectional study in Shiraz, Iran.

Background: In hemodialysis patients, there are some oral hard and soft tissue changes. Objectives: The aim of this single-center, cross-sectional study was to evaluate oral findings in hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 144 patients participated. Of them, 28 patients (19%) had diabetes mellitus (DM), 17 patients (12%) had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 15 patients (10%) had severe hypertension. The oral cavity was inspected by an oral medicine specialist using proper light, mirror and explorer. The lips, cheek, tongue, palatal mucosa, floor of the mouth, gingiva, pharyngeal fauces, dentures, teeth and occlusion were checked. The significance level was P<0.05. Results: Around 78% of the studied population had oral manifestations. The most diagnosed finding in hemodialysis patients was dryness of the mouth followed by tooth loss due to mobility and poor oral hygiene. Diabetic cases showed numerous oral symptoms than nondiabetic subjects. Conclusions: Oral lesions in hemodialysis patients is a prominent finding and untreated lesions may cause severe side effects

A Radiographic Evaluation of Missing of Permanent First Molars in a Group of Iranian Children and Adults: A Retrospective Study

The missing of permanent first molars influences the occlusal status and dental health. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of missing first molar teeth in a selected population of Shiraz, Iran. Methods. A total of 2206 panoramic views of patients aged from 7 to 75 years old were inspected for missing of permanent first molars. Patients were categorized into five age groups: from 7 to 15, 16 to 30, 31 to 45, 46 to 60, and more than 60 years old. Data were categorized according to sex, age, and number of lost teeth using SPSS software. Results. No first molar was missing in 59.9% of the cases, 17.05% had lost one, 10.4% had lost two, 7.2% had lost three, and 5% were missing all four of their permanent first molars. The mandibular first molar was the most commonly lost tooth, and the left side in both jaws was more affected than the right side. There was a positive relation between age and missing first molar. Conclusions. A missing first molar is a common finding in southern Iran population. Due to the important role of permanent first molars in occlusion, more education and dental care is recommended to preserve these teeth

PCR Detection of HHV8 DNA in the Saliva of Removable Denture Wearers Compared to Dentate Cases in Shiraz, South of Iran

Background and aim. Removable dentures may act as reservoir for pathogens that can cause serious infections. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is an oncogenic virus that was found in the saliva more than genital secretions. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate HHV8 in the saliva of patients with removable dentures. Method and material. In this cross-sectional study from March-July 2019, saliva samples were collected from 50 denture wearers as a case group and 50 ages and gender matched dentate subjects as a control. Whole-mouth saliva, parotid saliva, buccal, and palatal exfoliates were collected and processed for HHV8-DNA amplification by nested PCR. A confirmatory real-time PCR was also performed in order to prevent false result. Result. In the denture wearers, HHV8 DNA was detected in 11 cases. Two of the controls amplified HHV8 DNA. Fisher’s exact test demonstrates a significant difference between virus infection and using removable dentures (p=0.015). Conclusion. Our findings suggested that HHV8 detection could be associated with use of denture

Evaluation of mandibular inferior cortex changes in patients candidate for liver and kidney transplantation using panoramic view

Background: The number of patients with chronic liver failure (CLF) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) referred to dental clinics are increasing. However, there are few studies about the effect of these diseases on jaw bones. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the inferior mandibular cortex changes of the patients with CLF and CKD that are candidate for liver and kidney transplantation, in panoramic views. Patients and Methods: Panoramic radiographs were obtained from 83 patients with a history of CLF and 43 patients with CKD who were undergoing the assessment for transplantation and also 126 control cases. The mean was calculated for the width of inferior mandibular cortex. The relationship between the thicknesses of the inferior mandibular cortex with the duration of disease was determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. T and chisquare tests were used for evaluating the inferior cortex of the mandible according to age and sex, respectively. Results: Compared with the control group, the means of the cortical thickness in CLF and CRF patients were significantly different (P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between cortical thickness and gender in CLF (P = 0.007) and CRF patients (P = 0.029). Neither the duration of the disease and nor age was associated with mandibular thickness changes in CLF and CRF patients (P = 0.79). Thickness of the inferior mandibular cortex in premolar area was more than that in molar area and thickness of molar was greater than that of the mandibular angle in CKD and CLF patients. This latter was similar to that in normal subjects. Conclusion: Compared with normal population, a decrease in the thickness of inferior mandibular cortex is observed in CKD and CLF patients. This decrease is not affected by age and duration of the disease but is meaningfully related to sex, especially females

The LncRNA H19 rs217727 Polymorphism Is Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Susceptibility in Iranian Population

Lack of protein-coding capacity is a main characteristic of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) which, as molecular biomarkers, have found a novel pharmacological application in cancer and are reported to be important regulators of gene expression. H19 is reportedly involved in cancer progression and tumorigenesis. One of the most common types of head and neck cancers is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the correlation of OSCC susceptibility with H19 gene in an Iranian population. This research was performed on 400 subjects of both sexes referred to the Namazi Hospital affiliated with the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). Individuals aged 15-88 years were divided into two groups: pathologically diagnosed patients with new-onset OSCC and healthy controls. After written and informed consent was obtained from the individuals, genomic DNA was extracted. The tetra-primer ARMS-PCR technique was performed for DNA genotyping by the use of specific primer pairs. The susceptibility of OSCC and H19 gene polymorphism sites was further analyzed (rs217727 and rs2107425). The allele and genotype frequencies of H19 rs2107425 polymorphism were similar between OSCC cases and controls. The H19 rs217727T allele frequency was significantly higher in OSCC cases (P=0.002), and the polymorphism of H19 rs217727 was associated with OSCC susceptibility in the codominant (OR=6.04, 95%CI=1.70−21.42, P=0.001 for TT genotype), dominant (OR=1.62, 95%CI=1.08−2.43, P=0.01), and recessive (OR=5.32, 95%CI=1.51−18.69, P=0.003) models. This study showed that rs217727 and OSCC susceptibility were statistically correlated in the Iranian population