8,695 research outputs found
Abelian Gauge Invariance of the WZ-type Coupling in ABJM Theory
We construct the interaction terms between the worldvolume fields of multiple
M2-branes and 3-form gauge field of 11-dimensional supergravity, in the context
of ABJM theory. The obtained Wess-Zumino-type coupling is simultaneously
invariant under the UU non-Abelian
gauge transformation of the ABJM theory and the Abelian gauge transformation of
the 3-form field in 11-dimensional supergravity.Comment: 16 pages, minor corrections, published versio
Gravity from Entanglement and RG Flow in a Top-down Approach
The duality between a -dimensional conformal field theory with relevant
deformation and a gravity theory on an asymptotically AdS geometry, has
become a suitable tool in the investigation of the emergence of gravity from
quantum entanglement in field theory. Recently, we have tested the duality
between the mass-deformed ABJM theory and asymptotically AdS gravity
theory, which is obtained from the KK reduction of the 11-dimensional
supergravity on the LLM geometry. In this paper, we extend the KK reduction
procedure beyond the linear order and establish non-trivial KK maps between
4-dimensional fields and 11-dimensional fluctuations. We rely on this
gauge/gravity duality to calculate the entanglement entropy by using the
Ryu-Takayanagi holographic formula and the path integral method developed by
Faulkner. We show that the entanglement entropies obtained using these two
methods agree when the asymptotically AdS metric satisfies the linearized
Einstein equation with nonvanishing energy-momentum tensor for two scalar
fields. These scalar fields encode the information of the relevant deformation
of the ABJM theory. This confirms that the asymptotic limit of LLM geometry is
the emergent gravity of the quantum entanglement in the mass-deformed ABJM
theory with a small mass parameter. We also comment on the issue of the
relative entropy and the Fisher information in our setup.Comment: 42 pages, no figure, minor corrections, references adde
Exact Holography of the Mass-deformed M2-brane Theory
We test the holographic relation between the vacuum expectation values of
gauge invariant operators in mass-deformed ABJM theory and the LLM geometries with
orbifold in 11-dimensional supergravity. To do that, we apply
the Kaluza-Klein reduction to construct a 4-dimensional gravity theory and
implement the holographic renormalization procedure. We obtain an exact
holographic relation for the vacuum expectation values of the chiral primary
operator with conformal dimension , which is given by , for large and
. Here factor is independent of . Our results involve
infinite number of exact dual relations for all possible supersymmetric Higgs
vacua and so provide a nontrivial test of gauge/gravity duality away from the
conformal fixed point. We also extend our results to the case of for
LLM geometries represented by rectangular-shaped Young-diagrams.Comment: 6 pages, major corrections in section 3 and 4, references added,
title change
Mass-deformed ABJM Theory and LLM Geometries: Exact Holography
We present a detailed account and extension of our claim in arXiv:1610.01490.
We test the gauge/gravity duality between the mass-deformed ABJM
theory with UU gauge symmetry and the 11-dimensional
supergravity on LLM geometries with SO(4)/
SO(4)/ isometry, in the large limit. Our analysis is
based on the evaluation of vacuum expectation values of chiral primary
operators from the supersymmetric vacua of mass-deformed ABJM theory and from
the implementation of Kaluza-Klein holography to the LLM geometries. We focus
on the chiral primary operator with conformal dimension . We show
that for
all supersymmetric vacuum solutions and LLM geometries with , where the
factor is independent of . We also confirm that the vacuum
expectation value of the the energy momentum tensor is vanishing as expected by
the supersymmetry. We extend our results to the case of for LLM
geometries represented by rectangular-shaped Young-diagrams. In analogy with
the Coulomb branch of the super Yang-Mills theory, we argue that
the discrete Higgs vacua of the mABJM theory as well as the corresponding LLM
geometries are parametrized by the vevs of the chiral primary operators.Comment: 44 pages, 1 figure, major corrections in section 3 and 5, references
added, title change
Holography of Massive M2-brane Theory: Non-linear Extension
We investigate the gauge/gravity duality between the
mass-deformed ABJM theory with UU gauge symmetry and the
11-dimensional supergravity on LLM geometries with
SO(2,1)SO(4)/ SO(4)/ isometry, in
terms of a KK holography, which involves quadratic order field redefinitions.
As a non-trivial extension of the previous work arXiv:1612.05066, we implement
the KK mappings for various gauge invariant fields up to quadratic order to
obtain 4-dimensional gravity fields. The non-linearity of the KK maps indicates
that, in the current case, we can observe the true purpose of the non-linear KK
holography of the LLM solutions. Using such KK holography procedure, we obtain
the vacuum expectation values of the chiral primary operator of conformal
dimension in the large limit but with general and examine
the gauge/gravity duality for LLM solutions, which are represented by
square-shaped Young diagrams. We also show that the vacuum expectation values
of the massive KK graviton modes are vanishing as expected by the
supersymmetry.Comment: 27 pages, 2 figures, minor corrections, references adde
Holography of Massive M2-brane Theory with Discrete Torsion
We investigate the gauge/gravity duality between the
mass-deformed ABJ theory with UU gauge symmetry and
the 11-dimensional supergravity on LLM geometries with
SO(2,1)SO(4)/SO(4)/ isometry and
the discrete torsion . For chiral primary operators with conformal
dimensions , we obtain the exact vacuum expectation values using
the holographic method in 11-dimensional supergravity and show that the results
depend on the shapes of droplet pictures in LLM geometries. The
contributions from the discrete torsion for several
simple droplet pictures in the large limit are determined in holographic
vacuum expectation values. We also explore the effects of the orbifolding
and the asymptotic discrete torsion , on the gauge/gravity
duality dictionary and on the nature of the asymptotic limits of the LLM
geometries.Comment: 25 pages, 2 figures, The subleading contributions from the field
theory calculations are reinterprete
The Globular Cluster System of M60 (NGC 4649). I. CFHT MOS Spectroscopy and Database
We present the measurement of radial velocities for globular clusters in M60,
giant elliptical galaxy in the Virgo cluster. Target globular cluster
candidates were selected using the Washington photometry based on the deep
16\arcmin \times 16\arcmin images taken at the KPNO 4m and using the
photometry derived from the HST/WFPC2 archive images. The spectra of the target
objects were obtained using the Multi-Object Spectrograph (MOS) at the
Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). We have measured the radial velocity for
111 objects in the field of M60: 93 globular clusters (72 blue globular
clusters with and 21 red globular clusters with
), 11 foreground stars, 6 small galaxies, and the nucleus of
M60. The measured velocities of the 93 globular clusters range from
km s to km s, with a mean value of
km s, which is in good agreement with the velocity of the nucleus of M60
( km s). Combining our results with data in the
literature, we present a master catalog of radial velocities for 121 globular
clusters in M60. The velocity dispersion of the globular clusters in the master
catalog is found to be km s for the entire sample,
km s for 83 blue globular clusters, and
km s for 38 red globular clusters.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures. To appear in Ap
Inhibition of Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin E2 Expression by Methanol Extract of Polyopes affinis in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 Microglial Cells through Suppression of Akt-dependent NF-kB Activity and MAPK Pathway
Purpose: To determine whether the methanol extract of Polyopes affinis (MEPA) down-regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells.Methods: The production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was measured by the Griess reagents and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Expression levels of mRNA and protein in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Activation of nuclear factor-êB (NF-êB) was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).Results: MEPA inhibited the expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, NO and PGE2, as well as their respective genes, iNOS and COX-2, at both protein and mRNA levels, without any accompanying cytotoxicity. Moreover, treatment with MEPA significantly suppressed the LPS-induced DNA-binding activity of NF-êB, which is known as a main transcription factor for the regulation of proinflammatory genes, as well as the nuclear translocation of its subunit p65 and p50, by degrading IêBá.MEPA increased Akt dephosphorylation which leads to suppression of the DNA-binding activity of NF-kB in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and suppressed phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, which are involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway for regulating proinflammatory genes.Conclusion: Our results indicate that MEPA down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO and PGE2 by suppressing Akt-dependent NF-êB activity as well as phosphorylation of ERK and JNK inLPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells.Keywords: Polyopes affinis, Nitric oxide, Prostaglandin E2, Nuclear factor-k
Methanol Extract of Myelophycus caespitosus Inhibits the Inflammatory Response in Lipopolysaccharidestimulated BV2 Microglial Cells by Downregulating NF-kB via Inhibition of the Akt Signaling Pathway
Purpose: To determine whether the methanol extract of Myelophycus caespitosus (MEMC) downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells.Methods: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) together with Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) as well as their regulatory genes such as inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. The level of NO production was analyzed using Griess reaction.The release of PGE2 was determined using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-êB (NF-êB) was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Results: MEMC inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, NO and PGE2, as well as their respective genes, iNOS and COX-2, at both protein and mRNA levels, without any significant cytotoxicity. Treatment withMEMC also substantially reduced the LPS-induced DNA-binding activity of NF-êB and nuclear translocation of NF-êB subunits p65 and p50 via the inhibition of IêBá phosphorylation and degradation. MEMC promoteddephosphorylation of Akt that subsequently suppressed the DNA-binding activity of NF-êB in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells.Conclusion: Collectively, these data suggest that MEMC attenuates expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO and PGE2 by suppression of their regulatory genes through the inhibition of Aktmediated NF-êB activity.Keywords: Myelophycus caespitosus, Nitric oxide, Prostaglandin E2, Nuclear factor-êB
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