DETERMINAÇÃO DA FASE LACTENTE-RUMINANTE DE CORDEIROS PELA TÉCNICA DO ?13C

O trabalho foi realizado na Universidade de Marília, SP, com o intuito de determinar, pela técnica do ?13C, a fase de transição do consumo da dieta exclusivamente líquida (leite) para dieta composta por leite, pasto e/ou ração em cordeiros. Distribuíram-se seis cordeiros mestiços Suffolk em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (3x2), sendo dois grupos experimentais e três repetições. No primeiro grupo, os cordeiros foram mantidos confinados e mamavam leite de ovelhas alimentadas com dieta de característica C4. Além disso, tiveram acesso à ração de caráter C3 no creep feeding, desde o nascimento. No segundo grupo, os cordeiros foram mantidos em pastagem de Tifton-85 (ciclo fotossintético C4) juntamente com as ovelhas, tendo acesso à ração de caráter C3 no creep feeding, desde o nascimento. A ração de caráter C3 do creep feeding continha farelo de soja, grãos de aveia triturados, feno de alfafa moído e sal mineral. O consumo de ração tornou-se superior à ingestão de leite no período de 30-35 dias após o nascimento dos cordeiros confinados, contudo, os cordeiros em pastejo ingeriram mais leite e pasto, em comparação à ração, até 40 dias após o nascimento. A técnica do ? 13C foi considerada eficaz nos estudos do comportamento alimentar de cordeiros. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Consumo, creep feeding, Cynodon dactylon, isótopos estáveis, Suffolk

INDICADORES DE CINÉTICA RUMINAL EM VACAS HOLANDÊS x ZEBU EM LACTAÇÃO

The efficiency of polyethylenoglicol (PEG) and Co-EDTA was evaluated on the estimate of the main parameters thatcharacterize the liquid phase’s kinetics of Holstein x Zebu cows’rumen. Significant differences were not observed (P>0,05) amongthe markers for estimates of ruminal volume (l), passage rate (l/h),retention time (h), outflow rate (l/h) and recycling rate (cycles/d).However, Co-EDTA was the most suitable marker and presentedmore stability than PEG did. When the spectrophotometry (Co-EDTA methodology of analysis) became impossible, the markerPEG can be a cheap alternative and it supplies satisfactoryresults, since, the meticulousness of the turbidimetric techniqueis respected

Markers for total consumption estimate of penned holstein x zebu heifers Indicadores para estimativa de consumo total por novilhas holandês x zebu mantidas em confinamento

It was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the internal markers: indigestible fibers (FDAi and FDNi), lignin Klason and the external markers: chromic oxide and modified enriched hidroxiphenilpropan LIPE® on the total intake estimates of penned crossbreed heifers (Holstein x Zebu). They´re assigned to four diets: elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silage; elephant grass silage and commercial concentrate; chopped sugar cane and urea; chopped sugar cane, urea and commercial concentrate. The chromic oxide underestimated the heifers consumption of all diets and its estimates differed from either hod consumption or those obtained with markers. LIPE® may replace chromic oxide because its consumption estimates did not differ from hod consumption of all diets. The lignin Klason showed to be more appropriate to estimate the heifers consumption that were fed with diets based on grass silage than those heifers fed with sugarcane. This marker underestimated the consumption of heifers that received sugarcane and urea (3,57kg/day of MS) when it was compared to the consumption registered in hod (4,05kg/day of MS), however, for those heifers that received sugarcane, urea and supply, lignin Klason underestimated the consumption (3,90kg/day of MS), so that, it differed form consumption in hod (4,90kg/day of MS). The indigestible fibers (FDAi and FDNi) were suitable to estimate the heifers consumption in all diets. Those results showed that markers present differentiated effect according to the roughage used.Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia dos indicadores internos: fibras indigestíveis (FDAi e FDNi) e lignina Klason e os indicadores externos: óxido crômico e hidroxifenilpropano enriquecido e modificado LIPE® nas estimativas de consumo total de novilhas mestiças Holandês x Zebu, mantidas em confinamento e submetidas a quatro dietas: silagem de capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.); silagem de capim elefante e concentrado comercial; cana-de-açúcar picada e uréia; cana-de-açúcar picada, uréia e concentrado comercial. O óxido crômico subestimou o consumo das novilhas, independente da dieta fornecida, e os resultados diferiram daqueles medidos no cocho e dos obtidos com os demais indicadores. O LIPE® pode substituir o óxido crômico, pois as estimativas de consumo fornecidas por ele não diferiram do consumo observado no cocho, em nenhuma das dietas estudadas. A lignina Klason mostrou ser mais adequada para estimar o consumo das novilhas alimentadas com dietas à base de silagem de capim, do que para aquelas que receberam cana-de-açúcar. Para novilhas que receberam apenas cana e ureia, a lignina Klason subestimou numericamente o consumo (3,57kg/dia de MS), em relação ao consumo registrado no cocho (4,05kg/dia de MS) e, para aquelas que receberam cana, ureia e concentrado, esse indicador subestimou o consumo (3,90kg/dia de MS), de maneira que diferiu estatisticamente do consumo no cocho (4,90kg/dia de MS). As fibras indigestíveis (FDAi e FDNi) foram adequadas para estimar o consumo das novilhas, independente da dieta oferecida. Esses resultados demonstram que os indicadores apresentam efeito diferenciado, conforme o volumoso utilizado

Caroço de algodão em dietas sem volumoso para cordeiros confinados

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance, intake, feeding behavior, costs of production and nutritional parameters of sheep fed diets containing different levels of whole cottonseed (WC): zero, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. Two experiments have been carried out, in which in the first trial we have used a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates each, which lasted 70 days. The animals were kept in collective stalls and all of them have been weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment. The second experiment was a 5x5 Latin square design with five treatments and five animals divided in five periods of 14 days, totaling 70 days of experimentation. The intakes of the DM, OM, EE, NDF and NFC ave been not affected by WC levels (P>0.01). The WC levels had quadratic affect only on EE digestibility (P0.05). There were no effects (P>0.05) of whole cottonseed on average daily gain with average of 200.8g/animal/day, as well as there was no effect of the WC levels on intake behavior. A gross margins of R$0.18 to 0.19 per animal / day was observed for WC levels of 10 to 20$ 0,18 e 0,19 por animal/dia, respectivamente para os níveis 10 e 20% de caroço de algodão. Recomenda-se a inclusão de até 20% de caroço de algodão na ração de cordeiros confinados sem o fornecimento de volumoso

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND FERMENTATION PATTERN OF THE BR 601 SORGHUM SILAGE [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] WITH ADDITIVES 1

This work evaluated the chemical composition and fermentation patternof BR 601 sorghum silage, [Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench]. At ensiling time, the silages were enriched with the additives, adopting the following treatments: silages without additive (control), with 0.5% of urea, 0.5% of sodium carbonate, 0.5% of urea plus sodium carbonate and bacterial inoculant. The material was stored in PVC silos with the diameter of 10 cm and the length of 50 cm and opened at seven different stages (1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after sealing). The pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3/NT), dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and soluble carbohydrate contents were determined in the silages. The experimental design utilized was completely randomized with two repetitions for each treatment. The means were compared by the SNK test on level of 5% of probability. The hybrid evaluated produced good fermentation pattern and adequate level of DM. A low effect of the additive over the fermentation pattern of the silages was observed and in most of the analysis the additives showed similar results as the control silages or reached to the elevations of pH and N-NH3/NT values during the fermentation process as observed in the use of urea and association urea plus sodium carbonate