Frações de cobre e zinco em solos de vinhedos no Meio Oeste de Santa Catarina

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a migração e a modificação de frações de Cu e Zn em solos de vinhedos. Em outubro de 2010 foram selecionados, em Água Doce (SC) três vinhedos com idades crescentes e uma área de campo natural com o objetivo de determinar o teor natural dos elementos no solo. Amostras de solo dos vinhedos e campo natural foram coletadas em camadas estratificadas e analisadas. Nas amostras foram realizados o fracionamento químico e a extração de Cu e Zn por EDTA e pelo método 3050B da USEPA. O Cu e o Zn foram acumulados nas camadas mais superficiais dos solos dos vinhedos e maiores concentrações foram observadas no vinhedo com maior idade. A maior parte do Cu e do Zn nos solos dos vinhedos foi distribuída na fração residual que possui baixa mobilidade geoquímica porém nas camadas mais superficiais do solo do vinhedo com maior idade constatou-se aumento do teor de Cu ligado à matéria orgânica do solo e nas camadas mais profundas, ligado aos minerais. A maior parte do Zn no solo dos vinhedos foi distribuída na fração residual e ligada aos minerais; a fração residual possui baixa mobilidade no solo mas pode ser disponível para as plantas e causar toxidez

Accumulation of phosphorus fractions and contamination potential in vineyard soils in the southern region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

In vineyards, if phosphate is applied both before planting and at intervals during growth without consideration of technical criteria, the soil P fractions may be increased and their proportions altered. This study was carried out to evaluate the accumulation of P fractions and the parameters of the adsorption isotherm in a sandy Typic Hapludalf soil in vineyards with a history of successive and excessive phosphate fertilization. In December 2010, two vineyards were selected, one 4 and the other 15 years old, in Urussanga, State of Santa Catarina (Brazil). Three trenches were dug in each area and soil was collected from the 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm depth ranges. The soil samples were dried in a forced-air oven, sieved and subjected to chemical analyses, P chemical fractionation and P adsorption isotherms. Excessive phosphate fertilization, before and during cultivation, particularly in the older vineyard and, consequently, with a longer history of phosphate fertilization, increased the inorganic P concentrations to the depth of 20 cm, especially in labile fractions extracted by anion exchange resin and NaHCO3 in the non-labile fraction, as well as in the non-labile fraction extracted by 1.0 mol L-1 HCl. The application of phosphate fertilizers and the long cultivation period increased the P levels in the organic labile fraction extracted by 0.5 mol L-1 NaHCO3, and especially in the moderately labile fraction extracted by 0.1 and 0.5 mol L-1 NaOH. Phosphate fertilization of older vineyards, i.e., cultivated for 15 years, increased the amounts of P desorbed in water, indicating a risk of contamination of surface waters and groundwater. The phosphate fertilization before planting, without considering the results of soil analysis, and during cultivation, disregarding the results of soil analysis, leaf analysis and expected yield, led to a reduction in the maximum P adsorption capacity in the 0-5 cm layer of vineyard 2, indicating saturation of part of the reactive particle adsorption sites