Seed oil content and selected qualitative parameters of oils from grape seeds

Grape seed oil (Oleum vitis viniferae) represents promising plant oil, which is used mainly in gastronomy and for pharmaceutical purposes as well as for various technical applications. In this paper, there were examined oil contents and oil quality properties of seeds taken from 8 grape cultivars. Oil contents were found to be different for each cultivar, which ranged from 11.5% (Dornfelder) to 17.5% (Riesling). The results showed a dependence between the length of the growing season for individual varie-ties and the total content of oil in seeds. Fatty acid concentrations in the evaluated oil samples were in various ranges, while the highest values were determined in linoleic acid 70.10 to 71.55%, oleic acid 15.61 to 17.14%, palmitic acid 6.87 to 8.18% and stearic acid 3.16 to 3.90%. Saturated fatty acid values were lower than the values of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in all oil samples. The degree of unsaturation in the grape seed oil ranged between 88.6 - 89.21%. Thanks to its content, grape seed oil can be considered as a food supplement improving the nutri-tional value of the human diet

Vplyv vybraných faktorov na kvalitu škôlkarskej produkcie

In the years 2008 - 2010 was realized trials with goal to influence the properties of the growing medium so, as the internal and external quality model plant (Viburnum opulus L.) grown in containers was significant increase. The whole of experiment was annually divided into equally two blocks, with different irrigation rates, which were also observed micro--climatic parameters both irrigation regimes. Was studied as well the influence of addition of soil conditioners on the properties of the growing medium. External quality of grown plants was assessed on the basis of morphological parameters (plant height, number of shoots, root collar diameter, dry matter of above-ground and root zone of plants and visual assessment of the root system) and internal quality based on the evaluation of physiological parameters (stomatal conductivity, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content in the leaves). From the soil conditioners was investigated the impact of three commercially available agents with different composition and mode of action. It was a Hydrogel, TerraCottem and Agrosil LR. The properties of the growing medium, was affected by soil conditioners additive into the growing medium (peat--bark medium RKS II), but not enough for increase the quantitative parameters of cultivated plants, even the selected parameters in comparison with the control variant in both irrigation regimes were positively influenced, in order Hydrogel, Agrosil LR and TerraCotte

Evaluation of Costs in Asparagus Production in Relation to Different Technological Processes in Conditions of Slovak Republic

This study deals with analysis structure of cost on the production of asparagus in relation to three different technological processes in conditions of Slovak Republic. Obtained results can be used as a template to prepare budgets and make production decisions to estimate potential returns and to analyze investment and financial analysis decisions in the asparagus cultivation. Production practices used in the budget are based on typical practices for asparagus in this country. From the analysis of the cost structure of assessed variants different technological procedures follows that the largest share of the costs fall to purchased material and labor

Two new species of Trichocomaceae (Eurotiales), accommodated in Rasamsonia and Talaromyces section Bacillispori, from the Czech Republic

Abstract During a previous study on microfungi associated with clematis roots, Penicillium-like fungi were isolated and identified based on morphology. In this study, we subjected those strains to a detailed examination which led to the proposal of two taxonomic novelties, named Rasamsonia chlamydospora and Talaromyces clematidis. The first taxon is characterized by rough-walled mycelium, acerose to flask shaped phialides, cylindrical conidia and by production of chlamydospore-like structures. The four-loci-based phylogeny analysis delineated the taxon as a taxonomic novelty in Rasamsonia. Talaromyces clematidis is characterized by restricted growth on Czapek yeast extract agar, dichloran 18% glycerol agar and yeast extract sucrose agar, and production of yellow ascomata on oatmeal agar. Phylogenetic analyses placed this taxon as a taxonomic novelty in Talaromyces sect. Bacillispori. Both taxa are introduced here with detailed descriptions, photoplates and information on their phylogenetic relationship with related species

Evaluation of Grape Pomace Composting Process

The paper deals with the problems of composting of grape pomace in strip compost piles. The three variants of compost piles formed from grape pomace and vegetables waste, wood chips and mature in varying proportions were tested. Turning of piles was performed using windrow turner PKS 2.8, in which the achieved performance was monitored. On the performance of windrow turner has a significant influence also cross section or width and height of turning piles and the bulk density of ingredients including their moisture. In evaluating, attention has been paid to assessment of selected parameters (temperature, moisture content) of the composting process. From the viewpoint of temperature course, the highest temperature reached at the piles in Var. I (64.1 °C) and Var. II (55.3 °C). Moisture of compost piles in the individual variants did not differ significantly and ranged between 25–35%

The Monitoring of Soil Properties in the Interrow of Vineyards

The paper deals with the problems of evaluating of chosen chemical and physical properties of soil in between vineyards that are managed by various mechanization. Measuring was undertaken in viticulture region of South Moravia, at two experimental sites in Mikulov district. Soil surface between rows of vines is managed by regular cultivation (plow, disc cultivator) to a depth of 30–70 mm in the form of a black fallow. On each of vineyards is used a different type of energy resource to carry out working operations – New Holland TN 75 V, a multifunction carrier PELLENC OPTIMUM. While driving in between vine rows, the two machines in completely different tracks, which significantly influences the properties of the soil and its consolidation. The soil samples were analyzed for determining the soil structure, physical and chemical properties, whereby evaluated were also the mechanical properties of the soil profile in the inter-row using Penetrometry. The average structural coefficient in both variants ranged from 0.96 to 2.42. Soil with values ​​lower than 1.0 is below the structural stability, thus reducing the quality of the soil environment in terms of both physical and chemical properties. The resulting values ​​of density of the soil at both sites are between 1.35 to 1.52 g.cm−3, which also shows its unsatisfactory condition. Penetration resistance of soil located in the tire tracks on both sites values ​​from 2.7 to 2.9 MPa, which according to the scale of classes determined by (Arshad, 1996), corresponds with high values. The distribution of soil penetration resistance on soil maps show that in terms of the implementation of mechanized operations, it is preferable to use the portal carrier

Evaluation of the Effect of Deep Compost Application in the Areas around Vineyard Tree Trunks on Selected Soil Chemical Properties and the Vegetative Growth of the Vine

In the context of sustainability, viticulture will address issues related to soil fertility in the coming period. Greater attention will therefore be paid to replacing traditional manure-based fertilisers, such as farmyard manure, with new types of fertiliser in the form of composts, digestate, etc. Experience to date suggests that good-quality composts are not only a source of nutrients that the vines take from the soil each year, but also a source of organic matter. The application of compost and its subsequent decomposition in the soil profile can have a positive effect on the growth of the roots and above-ground parts of the vine. However, optimising the effects and action of compost is linked to determining the necessary doses and methods of application. The aim of this three-year study was to provide an overview of the results aimed at evaluating the effects of the application of compost (CO) and compost enriched with the addition of lignohumate (CO+L20), at a rate of 30 t·ha−1, in the areas around vineyard tree trunks on selected soil chemical properties and the vegetative growth of the vine (Vitis vinifera L.). The unfertilised variant (CWC) was used as a control. Each variant was established in three replicates that were 20 m long. Experimental measurements and evaluation were carried out in the period of 2018–2020 on two sites with different soil conditions (Lednice and Velké Bílovice) and two different grape varieties (Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Gris). Meteorological data were continuously monitored during the period under review. Chemical properties of the soil samples of the three experimental variants were determined (e.g., content of organic carbon, humic acids, humic substances, humification rate, etc.). The evaluations that were carried out confirmed that the addition of organic matter in the form of composts to the soil in the CO and CO+L20 variants positively influenced the quality of organic matter. The organic carbon content increased by 56–139% in variants with deep compost application (CO, CO+L20) during the monitored period compared to the CWC, depending on the location. Similarly, the degree of humification increased by 70–84%, and the soil microbial biomass increased by 38–136% in the treated variants compared to the CWC. In addition to the dynamics of the changes in the chemical properties, the aim of the performed measurements was to evaluate the rate of the growth shoots, which was linked to the fertilizing effects of the applied compost in the experimental vineyard. At the site in Velké Bílovice, the total difference in the length of the shoots was higher in the CO by 2.6–4.6% and in the CO+L20 by 7.5–12.5% compared to the CWC. At the site in Lednice, the situation was similar, and the total difference in the length of the shoots was higher in the CO by 4.6–7.2% and in the CO+L20 by 5.3–13.2%. The results that were obtained may constitute an important basis for the management of organic fertilization on plots with different soil conditions and cultivated varieties in order to optimize the vegetative growth of the vine