Dostopnost zelenih površin za oskrbovance domov starejših občanov v majhnih mestih Slovenije

Demografski podatki in podatki o razpoložljivosti kapacitet domov starejših občanov (DSO) v Sloveniji nakazujejo potrebo po spremembi organiziranosti tega segmenta varstva. V prispevku smo se osredotočili na analizo in vrednotenje stanja urejenosti in dostopnosti zelenih površin ter storitev splošnega pomena v majhnih mestih z vidika potreb starejših prebivalcev, ki svojo starost preživljajo v DSO. Hkrati smo ocenili možnosti za dejansko uporabo zelenih površin te skupine prebivalstva. Ugotovili smo, da v Sloveniji potrebujemo temeljite sistemske spremembe na področju institucionalnega varstva starejših občanov, tudi na področju zagotavljanja, urejenosti in uporabe zelenih površin ob DSO

Water Dynamics Analysis Using Sentinel-1 Satellite Image Time Series

Z radarski satelitskimi posnetki spremljamo površje ne glede na vremenske pogoje, kar omogoča zajetno časovno vrsto posnetkov in številne aplikacije. Magistrsko delo se ukvarja z oceno kakovosti zaznave vodnih površin s spletno aplikacijo VodaKje.si. Na območju kraške Ljubljanice so se izvajale analize v daljših časovnih obdobjih. Podatki so bili primerjani z uradnimi podatki o vodostajih in padavinah. Pokazali smo, da so korelacije med podatki dobre, najvišja je korelacija na manjših nadzorovanih območjih z rednimi poplavami (Planinsko in Cerkniško polje). Toplotne karte, izdelane iz seštevka vseh prepoznanih vodnih površin, kažejo na ustrezno ujemanje največkrat poplavljenih površin. Te karte so opozorile na pomembnejšo pomanjkljivost podatkov, to je manj uspešno zaznavanje pod gostejšo vegetacijo (gozd in sorodna vegetacija), ki pa se jo da odpraviti s preučitvijo vegetacije. Tudi primerjava toplotnih kart z integralnimi kartami poplavne nevarnosti pri pretoku Q10 kaže na ustreznost zaznavanja vodnih površin. Na območju spodnje Krke je bil preučevan poplavni dogodek, ki so ga sateliti posneli v dveh časovnih presekih (17. in 22. septembra 2017). Rezultati primerjave hidravličnega modela tega poplavnega dogodka in satelitskih posnetkov kažejo, da je ujemanje površin glede na specifičnost poplavnih dogodkov vodotokov zelo dobro. Ne-ujemanje površin, določenih s posameznim pristopom, je večinoma možno pojasniti z dejansko rabo oz. analizo poplavnih robov. Podatki VodaKje.si so glede na preučeno primerni za samostojno raziskovanje visokovodnih površin na območjih s počasnejšo dinamiko vode. Ob primeru pridobitve ustreznega posnetka poplavnega dogodka pa so dober vir informacij pri preučevanju poplav in koristna informacija za beleženje poplavnih površin.Radar satellites, such as Sentinel-1, allow us to monitor the Earth\u27s surface regardless of weather conditions, day or night. This generates an extensive time series of satellite images and enables numerous applications. The master thesis deals with the assessment of the quality of the detected water areas of the portal VodaKje.si. Analyses were carried out in the karst area of the Ljubljanica River over longer periods of time. The collected data were compared with official water level and precipitation data. The correlation was highest in smaller regions with regular floods (Planina and Cerknica polje). Heat maps produced by summing all identified water areas show correspondence with the most frequently flooded areas. The maps indicate that detection is less good under dense vegetation (forest and related vegetation). Comparison of the heat maps with the integral flood hazard maps at discharge with 10 years return period shows the adequacy of the Vodakje.si water detection. In the area of the lower Krka River, a flood event observed by Sentinel-1 satellites on two dates (17 and 22 September 2017) was studied. Comparison of the hydraulic model of this event and the detected areas from satellite images shows that the agreement is very good. The discrepancy between the areas identified by each approach can be largely explained by land use or flood edge analysis. The VodaKje.si data are suitable for independent study of floodplains in areas with slower water dynamics. If the timing of the imaging fits well with the flood event, it is a good source of information also in the study of floods and useful for floodplain mapping

Analiza dinamike vode na kraških poplavnih območjih z uporabo časovnih serij Sentinel-1

Studying karst water dynamics is challenging because of the often unknown underground flows. Therefore, studies of visible karst waters receive considerable research emphasis. Researchers are turning to various data sources, including remote sensing imagery, to study them. This research paper presents an assessment of a water bodies dataset, automatically detected from Sentinel-1 imagery, for karst flood research. Statistical and visual analyses were conducted to assess the reliability and effectiveness of the dataset. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were employed for statistical analysis to determine the degree of correlation between the areas of water bodies dataset and official water level data. Visual analyses involved the creation of heat maps based on the identified water areas, which were then compared to official flood maps, and the preparation of an analysis of historical flood events or results of hydrological and hydraulic modelling. Additionally, vegetation maps were produced to identify areas that lacked detection and complemented the heat maps. Statistical assessment showed a strong correlation (≥0.6) between the dataset and official water level data in smaller flood-prone areas with less complex inflow. Visual analyses using heat maps and vegetation maps effectively identified frequently flooded areas but had limitations in areas with dense vegetation. Comparisons with flood maps showed an important value of the dataset as an additional source of information for karst flood studies. This assessment highlights the dataset’s potential in combination with other data sources and modelling approaches.Raziskovanje dinamike kraške vode je zaradi pogosto nepoznanih podzemnih tokov zahtevno. Posledično je raziskavam vidnih kraških voda namenjen velik raziskovalni poudarek. Raziskovalci se pri njihovem preučevanju obračajo k različnim virom podatkov, vključno s posnetki daljinskega zaznavanja. V tem raziskovalnem članku je predstavljena ocena nabora podatkov o vodnih telesih, samodejno zaznanih iz posnetkov Sentinel-1, za raziskave kraških poplav. Izvedene so bile statistične in vizualne analize za oceno zanesljivosti in učinkovitosti nabora podatkov. Za statistično analizo je bil uporabljen Spearmanov korelacijski koeficient, s katerim je bila določena stopnja korelacije med nizom podatkov o vodnih telesih in uradnimi podatki o vodostaju. Vizualne analize so vključevale izdelavo toplotnih kart, izdelanih na podlagi prepoznanih vodnih območij. Te karte so bile v nadaljevanju primerjane z uradnimi poplavnimi kartami, pripravljenimi na podlagi analize preteklih poplavnih dogodkov ali rezultatov hidrološkega in hidravličnega modeliranja. Kot dopolnitev toplotnih kart so bile izdelane tudi vegetacijske karte z namenom opredelitve slabše zaznanih območij. Statistična ocena je pokazala močno korelacijo (≥ 0,6) med naborom podatkov in uradnimi podatki o vodostaju na manjših poplavnih območjih z manj kompleksnimi pritoki. Vizualne analize na podlagi toplotnih kart in dopolnitvijo vegetacijskih kart so učinkovito opredelile pogosto poplavljena območja. Izkazala se je slabost zaznavanja na območjih z gosto vegetacijo. Primerjave s poplavnimi kartami so pokazale pomembno vrednost podatkovnega niza kot dodatnega vira informacij za kraške poplavne študije. Izvedena študija poudarja potencial podatkovnega niza v kombinaciji z drugimi viri podatkov

Spatial regulation instruments of work at home

Work at home and work from home are becoming the subject of interdisciplinary research in the current social conditions. Slovenia, as a post-transition country, has specific experience in terms of its regulation, as the former socialist and later transition period were relatively tolerant of various forms of work at home. The article presents the results of research aimed at studying current normative provisions for the organization of work at home, its actual spatial and program scope, and its correlation with building typology and morphology. Using a descriptive research method and by analyzing existing databases in the GIS environment, we found that work at home is a very extensive phenomenon in Slovenia. Despite the effective instruments in the fields of spatial planning, public administration, tax system, and employment legal relationships, its scope is mainly a consequence of historical tolerance, as this form of work has been legally organized and desirable for decades. We found that various urban characteristics did not significantly affect its occurrence in the past. The differences are reflected only in the extent of business activities that can be carried out in residential areas and differ according to the distance from urban centers. In order for the regulation of work at home to become even more efficient in the future, it is necessary to define more detailed criteria, especially in terms of its program regulation and monitoring of the spatial situation