Childhood trauma and outcome trajectories in patients with longstanding eating disorders across 17 years

Background: A large proportion of patients with eating disorders (ED) report experiences of childhood trauma. Latent trajectory analysis in ED samples reveals the complexities in course and outcome and can explore the long-term impact of adverse experiences in childhood. Method: A total of 84 patients with longstanding ED were included. ED symptoms were assessed by the Eating Disorder Examination interview at discharge from inpatient treatment, and at 1-, 2-, 5-, and 17-year follow-up, respectively. Change over time was examined using growth mixture modeling, allowing the number of trajectories to emerge through the data. Prevalence of childhood trauma was assessed, and its relation to class membership was tested. Results: We identified four distinct classes: patients with (a) a continuous improvement in the entire follow-up period, and scores within normal range at the end, “continuous improvement” (54.8%); (b) a high symptom level at baseline and moderate decrease over time, “high and declining” (22.6%); (c) initial ED scores below clinical cut-off and stable symptoms throughout the course, “consistently low” (14.3%); and (d) with high scores initially, and a significant increase in symptoms over time, “high and increasing” (8.3%). A history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) was overrepresented in classes with persistently high symptom levels and poor long-term outcome Discussion: Patients with longstanding ED displayed considerable diversity in trajectories of symptom change across 17 years. To improve long-term outcome, enhanced treatment of sequelae from CSA seems essential. Public Significance: Patients with longstanding eating disorders displayed four different trajectories of change in a 17-year follow-up study. Although there were significant changes over time, the majority of patients remained within similar symptom levels as they presented with at discharge from inpatient treatment. Exposure to childhood maltreatment was common within the sample. Childhood sexual abuse predicted poor long-term outcome, which highlights the importance of trauma informed care

Metabolic profile in women with bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder before and after treatment: secondary analysis from the randomized PED-t trial

Purpose: Chaotic eating and purging behavior pose a risk to the metabolic health of women with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED). This study reports on one-year changes in blood markers of metabolic health and thyroid hormones in women with BN or BED attending two different treatments. Methods: These are secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial of 16-week group treatment of either physical exercise and dietary therapy (PED-t) or cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Blood samples collected at pre-treatment, week eight, post-treatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups were analyzed for glucose, lipids (triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-c), HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), apolipoprotein A (ApoA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) lipoproteins), and thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroperoxidase antibodies). Result: The average levels of blood glucose, lipids and thyroid hormones were within the recommended range, but clinical levels of TC and LDL-c were detected in 32.5% and 39.1%, respectively. More women with BED compared with BN had low HDL-c, and a larger increase over time in TC and TSH. No significant differences occurred between PED-t and CBT at any measurement. Exploratory moderator analyses indicated a more unfavorable metabolic response at follow-up among treatment non-responders. Conclusion: The proportion of women with impaired lipid profiles and unfavorable lipid changes, suggests active monitoring with necessary management of the metabolic health of women with BN or BED, as recommended by metabolic health guidelines.publishedVersio

Change of driver's reaction time depending on the amount of alcohol consumed by the driver - the case study

Each driver should drive according to the actual road traffic rules of the country in which he is currently located. The law systems of various states of Europe allow an increased maximal blood alcohol level of driver. As the fact that no small number of road accidents is caused because of the influence of alcohol on the driver, it is necessary to focus the attention of the society on this issue. The paper deals with the influence of alcohol on the reaction time of the driver. The effect of alcohol on driver behaviour has been studied. The reaction time of several drivers from a selected group of people was measured. At first (before alcohol drinking) the physical and mental condition of the drivers was assessed, using a series of question. Subsequently, the measurements were carried out with a sober driver. After this initial measurement the driver began to drink alcohol and after 20 minutes the level of alcohol in driver´s breath was determined by certificated equipment. It followed by starting the vehicle at a speed of approximately 50 km/h and stopping the vehicle in front of the simulated barrier. During the tests of the stopping distance, the mean fully developed deceleration was explored as the supporting variables. As the most important variable was the driver´s reaction time. It was researched by using of the video-analysing from two synchronized cameras. One camera was placed on the windscreen to monitor the situation in front of the vehicle, the other one monitored the movement of the driver´s feet. The aim of this paper is to focus on the fact that there is a dependence between the amount of consumed alcohol and the driver´s reaction time, which significantly affects the road safety. The reaction time of the driver directly influences to the stopping distance thus it is resolute for stopping the vehicle before a barrier

Reconstruction of road accident using video recording

Presented was the procedure of reconstructing a motorcycle-motor car collision with both vehicles moving in the same direction and performing simultaneous manoeuvres: a left turn and overtaking. Because of the conflicting reports of witnesses, the procedure also involved recordings from a stationary video camera. These data allowed us to retrace the movement and manoeuvres of vehicles as a function of time and then to identity the perpetrator of the accident

Analysis of the market of electric tractors in agricultural production

In Poland, the market of electric field tractors is practically non-existent. There are individual models in offers dedicated to the agriculture made by foreign producers. However, these offers are presented mainly at agricultural fairs. The article presents the research on the needs of farms for electric tractors and presents the possibilities of developing electro mobility in this sector of the economy. Questionnaire was presented, data were collected from those working in the agricultural sector. The data will be used to gauge attitudes and opinions towards alternative power systems implemented in agriculture

Analysis of the market of electric tractors in agricultural production

In Poland, the market of electric field tractors is practically non-existent. There are individual models in offers dedicated to the agriculture made by foreign producers. However, these offers are presented mainly at agricultural fairs. The article presents the research on the needs of farms for electric tractors and presents the possibilities of developing electro mobility in this sector of the economy. Questionnaire was presented, data were collected from those working in the agricultural sector. The data will be used to gauge attitudes and opinions towards alternative power systems implemented in agriculture

The Impact of Air Resistance on the Fuel Consumption in Real Conditions within the Transport Operation

This paper presents the impact of air resistance (air resistance) on fuel consumption of the particular vehicle under real traffic conditions. In the introductory and subsequent part of the paper, the individual resistances influencing the moving vehicle are characterized. In the following chapter, the specific factors such as air resistance, driving speed, air temperature and air resistance coefficient in the context of their impact on fuel consumption of the particular vehicle are identified and described; as well as the comparisons of fuel consumption when the vehicle is moving on the highway with closed and open windows under different conditions of road traffic are performed

Reconstruction of road accident using video recording

Presented was the procedure of reconstructing a motorcycle-motor car collision with both vehicles moving in the same direction and performing simultaneous manoeuvres: a left turn and overtaking. Because of the conflicting reports of witnesses, the procedure also involved recordings from a stationary video camera. These data allowed us to retrace the movement and manoeuvres of vehicles as a function of time and then to identity the perpetrator of the accident