2 research outputs found
Viable Norovirus Persistence in Water Microcosms
Human noroviruses are one of the leading causes of acute
gastroenteritis
worldwide. Based on quantitative microbial risk assessments, norovirus
contributes the greatest infectious risk of any pathogen from exposure
to sewage-contaminated water; however, these estimates have been based
upon molecular (i.e., RNA-based) data as human norovirus has remained
largely unculturable in the laboratory. Current approaches to assess
the environmental fate of noroviruses rely on the use of culturable
surrogate viruses and molecular methods. Human intestinal enteroids
(HIEs) are an emerging cell culture system capable of amplifying viable
norovirus. Here, we applied the HIE assay to assess both viable norovirus
and norovirus RNA persistence in surface, tap, and deionized water
microcosms. Viable norovirus decreased to below the detection limit
in tap and deionized water microcosms and was measured in a single
replicate in the surface water microcosm at study conclusion (28 days).
Conversely, the norovirus RNA signal remained constant over the duration
of the study, even when viable norovirus was below the limit of detection.
Our findings demonstrate the disconnect between current environmental
norovirus detection via molecular methods and viability as assessed
through the HIE assay. These results imply that molecular norovirus
monitoring is not inherently representative of infectious norovirus
Synthesis and Evaluation of Biotinylated Bivalent HistoBlood Group Antigens for Capturing Human Noroviruses
A panel
of biotinylated bivalent H-type glycans that have been
reported as binding ligands for human noroviruses were synthesized
using a modular synthetic strategy. These glycoconjugates were attached
to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads and used to recover human norovirus
from fecal samples using a magnetic bead-based assay. The biotinylated
bivalent glycans synthesized for this study exhibited similar or better
capturing ability when compared to commercial biotinylated glycopolymers