Application of Simple Smart Logic for Waterflooding Reservoir Management

A simple smart logic for controlling inflow control valves (ICV) in waterflooding reservoir management is implemented and analyzed, with the final objective of improving the long term financial return of a petroleum reservoir. Such a control is based in a reactive simple logic that responds to the watercut measured in the ICV. Basically, when the watercut increases, the ICV is set to close proportionally. For comparison purposes, four strategies are presented: base case scenario with conventional control, the best completion configuration found by trial-and-error, the reactive control, and a deterministic optimal control based on Nonlinear Gradient Method with adjoint-gradient formulation is shown for comparison purposes. Finally, all four strategies are tested again in different reservoir realizations in order to mimic the geological uncertainties. Two different synthetic reservoir models were studied. First, a simple cube with a five-spot well configuration, in which the permeability field has a horizontal pattern defined by lognormal distributions. The second model is a benchmark proposed by the Dutch university, TU delft, with 101 channelized permeability fields representing river patterns. For the first model, no significant relative gain is found neither in the variable control nor in the optimal control. Manly because of the high homogeneity of the reservoir models. Therefore, no intelligent completion is recommended. On the other hand, for the second and more complex case, the results indicate an expressive relative gain in the use of simple reactive logic. Besides, this type of control achieves results nearly as good as the optimal control. The test in different realizations, however, shows that reservoir characterization is still a key part of any attempt to improve production. Although the variable reactive control is semi-independent, with action being taken based on measurements, some parameters need a priori model to be tuned

Tracheo-esophageal speech with manual versus automatic stoma-occlusion : a multidimensional comparison

Tracheo-esophageal speech with manual versus automatic stoma occlusion: A multidimensional comparison. Annelies Labaere 1, Jan Vanderwegen 2, Frans Debruyne 1 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium 2 Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Antwerp, Belgium [email protected] Objectives: The objective of this study was to make a qualitative comparison between tracheo-esophageal speech with manual stoma occlusion and hands free tracheo-esophageal speech with the Provox FreeHands device. Patients/Materials and Methods: Both Manual and handsfree tracheo-esophageal speech were compared in 13 patients who were regular users of Provox Freehands for at least four months. Evaluation of speech material consisted of objective analysis using the KayPentax CSL, perceptual ratings by a group of experienced listeners and patients own perceptual judgment. In addition, data concerning user-friendliness, additional values and inconveniences of the FreeHands device were gathered using questionnaires. The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) was used to evaluate the relation between voice related QOL and method of stoma occlusion. Therefore a control group of TE-speakers who did not use hands free speech, was selected. Results: Objective analysis revealed significant differences (p< 0.05) for parameters fluency (i.e. the number of syllables produced on one intake of breath) and maximal phonation time, to the detriment of hands free speech. There were no significant differences found for the dynamic characteristics Perceptual judgements of running speech were rated higher in the manual occlusion condition for most patients, but there were interrater differences. Subjective impressions showed that the majority of patients preferred hands free speech to manual stoma occlusion, noticably for voice quality, fatigability, attractivity and feelings of self-confidence. Major inconveniences of hands free speech were a significantly decreased duration of sticker adhesion, the occurrence of disturbing noises and the need for continued effort. The VHI scores were significantly higher in the group of hands free speakers compared to the control group. Conclusions: This clinical study showed that in selected patients the Provox FreeHands shows important subjective benefits. Improvements however are necessary to make the device a useful rehabilitation device for a larger group of laryngectomized patients. Keywords: tracheo-esophageal speech, hands free speech, automatic tracheostoma valvestatus: publishe

Tracheo-oesofagale spraak met manuele versus automatische stoma-occlusie: een vergelijkende studie

status: publishe

De invloed van leeftijd, geslacht, sensorpositie, visuele feedback en volgorde van testing op de maximale kracht en uithouding van lippen en tong bij gezonde Vlaamse volwassenen

status: publishe

The influence of age, sex, bulb position, visual feedback and order of testing on maximum anterior and posterior tongue strength and endurance in healthy Belgian adults

status: publishe