Normal values of the cardiac time intervals by TDI M-mode in healthy participants stratified according to age category and gender obtained from the derivation cohort (group A, n = 974).

<p>Normal values of the cardiac time intervals by TDI M-mode in healthy participants stratified according to age category and gender obtained from the derivation cohort (group A, n = 974).</p

Population characteristics in participants without cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors obtained from the derivation cohort (group A, n = 974).

<p>Population characteristics in participants without cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors obtained from the derivation cohort (group A, n = 974).</p

The scatter plots for MPI_TDI and MPI_Conv according to the values of dP/dt max and dP/dt min, respectively.

<p>Depicting the scatter plots and the expected values for MPI_TDI and MPI_Conv according to the values of dP/dt max (Fig 3a) and dP/dt min (Fig 3b), respectively. Dotted curves indicate 95% confidence intervals. dP/dt max = the rate of LV pressure rise in early systole; dP/dt min = the rate of LV pressure decline in early diastole; MPI_TDI = Myocardial Performance Index by TDI M-mode; MPI_Conv = Myocardial Performance Index by the conventional method.</p

The association between MPI_TDI and MPI_Conv, and invasive and echocardiographic measures of systolic and diastolic obtained from the validation cohort (group B, n = 44).

<p>The association between MPI_TDI and MPI_Conv, and invasive and echocardiographic measures of systolic and diastolic obtained from the validation cohort (group B, n = 44).</p

Diagnostic accuracy of MPI_TDI for diagnosing impaired systolic and/or diastolic function in the validation cohort (group B, n = 44).

<p>Diagnostic accuracy of MPI_TDI for diagnosing impaired systolic and/or diastolic function in the validation cohort (group B, n = 44).</p

Cardiac time intervals assessed by a color tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) M-mode line through the mitral leaflet.

<p>Left: Four-chamber gray-scale (bottom) and color TDI (top) views in end-systole displaying the position of the M-mode line used for measuring the cardiac time intervals. Right: Color diagram of the TDI M-mode line through the mitral leaflet. MV = Mitral Valve; MVC = MV Closing; AVO = Aortic Valve Opening; AVC = Aortic Valve Closure; MVO = MV Opening.</p

The expected cardiac time intervals according to age and gender in participants without cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors.

<p>Depicting the expected values of the cardiac time intervals with increasing age for participants stratified according to gender. Dotted curves indicate 95% confidence intervals. IVCT = Isovolumic Contraction Time; IVRT = Isovolumic Relaxation Time; ET = Ejection Time; MPI = Myocardial Performance Index.</p

Population characteristics in the validation cohort undergoing left heart catheterization (group B, n = 44).

<p>Population characteristics in the validation cohort undergoing left heart catheterization (group B, n = 44).</p

Regional longitudinal deformation and culprit lesion.

<p>Patients stratified according to the location of their culprit lesion in the left anterior descending (LAD), the right coronary artery (RCA) or the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx). <i>Fig 3A</i>: The mean value of the TDI parameters at all six myocardial walls for patients stratified according to the location of their culprit lesion. <i>Fig 3B</i>: The mean value of the 2DSE parameters at all six myocardial walls for patients stratified according to the location of their culprit lesion. <i>Fig 3C</i>: The typical distribution of coronary artery blood supply to the 6 myocardial walls is displayed[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0158280#pone.0158280.ref015" target="_blank">15</a>]. * indicates a p-value < 0.05 (Bonferroni corrected) when comparing LAD lesions with RCA lesions. † indicates a p-value < 0.05 (Bonferroni corrected) when comparing LAD lesions with Cx lesions. ‡ indicates a p-value < 0.05 (Bonferroni corrected) when comparing RCA lesions with Cx lesions. Values represent mean (±SD). LAD = Left Anterior Descending coronary artery, RCA = Right coronary artery, LCx = Left Circumflex coronary artery, s’ = peak systolic longitudinal mitral annular velocity determined by color Tissue Doppler Imaging, LD = Mitral annular longitudinal displacement determined by color TDI, SRs = Peak longitudinal systolic strain rate, ANT = Anterior, LAT = Lateral, POST = Posterior, INF = Inferior, SEPT = Septal, ANT SEPT = Anterior septal.</p

Regional longitudinal deformation outside the culprit perfusion region and prognosis.

<p>Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models describing the risk of an adverse outcome for patients stratified into high or low regional longitudinal deformation parameters outside the culprit perfusion region. An abnormal conventional echocardiography is defined by systolic dysfunction determined by an LVEF<45 and/or abnormal diastolic function determined by the presence of diastolic dysfunction grade 1 to 3. Depicting the hazard ratio and the 95% confidence intervals. Also depicting the cut-off values, which are obtained from the mean values, for each regional longitudinal deformation parameter in each myocardial wall. s’ = Peak systolic longitudinal mitral annular velocity determined by color Tissue Doppler Imaging, LD = Mitral annular longitudinal displacement determined by color Tissue Doppler Imaging, SRs = Peak longitudinal systolic strain rate.</p