20 research outputs found
Single shot imaging of trapped Fermi gas
Recently developed techniques allow for simultaneous measurements of the
positions of all ultra cold atoms in a trap with high resolution. Each such
single shot experiment detects one element of the quantum ensemble formed by
the cloud of atoms. Repeated single shot measurements can be used to determine
all correlations between particle positions as opposed to standard measurements
that determine particle density or two-particle correlations only. In this
paper we discuss the possible outcomes of such single shot measurements in case
of cloud of ultra-cold non-interacting Fermi atoms. We show that the Pauli
exclusion principle alone leads to correlations between particle positions that
originate from unexpected spatial structures formed by the atoms
Formation of soliton trains in Bose-Einstein condensates by temporal Talbot effect
We study the recent observation of formation of matter-wave soliton trains in
Bose-Einstein condensates. We emphasize the role of the box-like confinement of
the Bose-Einstein condensate and find that there exist time intervals for the
opening the box that support the generation of real solitons. When the box-like
potential is switched off outside the existing time windows, the number of
peaks in a train changes resembling missing solitons observed in the
experiment. Our findings indicate that a new way of generating soliton trains
in condensates through the temporal, matter-wave Talbot effect is possible.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, new result
Pauli crystals -- interplay of symmetries
Recently observed Pauli crystals are structures formed by trapped ultracold
atoms with the Fermi statistics. Interactions between these atoms are switched
off, so their relative positions are determined by joined action of the
trapping potential and the Pauli exclusion principle. Numericalmodeling is used
in this paper to find the Pauli crystals in a two-dimensional isotropic
harmonic trap, three-dimensional harmonic trap, and a two-dimensional square
well trap. The Pauli crystals do not have the symmetry of the trap -- the
symmetry is broken by the measurement of positions and, in many cases, by the
quantum state of atoms in the trap. Furthermore, the Pauli crystals are
compared with the Coulomb crystals formed by electrically charged trapped
particles. The~structure of the Pauli crystals differs from that of the Coulomb
crystals, this provides evidence that the exclusion principle cannot be
replaced by a two-body repulsive interaction but rather has to be considered to
be a specifically quantum mechanism leading to many-particle correlations.Comment: This article belongs to the Special Issue "Symmetries and the Pauli
Exclusion Principle
Hydrogen atom in phase space: The Wigner representation
We have found an effective method of calculating the Wigner function, being a
quantum analogue of joint probability distribution of position and momentum,
for bound states of nonrelativistic hydrogen atom. The formal similarity
between the eigenfunctions of nonrelativistic hydrogen atom in the momentum
representation and Klein-Gordon propagators has allowed the calculation of the
Wigner function for an arbitrary bound state of the hydrogen atom. These Wigner
functions for some low lying states are depicted and discussed.Comment: 8 pages (including figures
From a nonlinear string to a weakly interacting Bose gas
We investigate a real scalar field whose dynamics is governed by a nonlinear
wave equation. We show that classical description can be applied to a quantum
system of many interacting bosons provided that some quantum ingredients are
included. An universal action has to be introduced in order to define particle
number. The value of this action should be equal to the Planck constant. This
constrain can be imposed by removing high frequency modes from the dynamics by
introducing a cut-off. We show that the position of the cut-off has to be
carefully adjusted. Finally, we show the proper choice of the cut-off ensures
that all low frequency eigenenmodes which are taken into account are
macroscopically occupied.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Spontaneous emission in a Fabry-Perot cavity: frequency modulation and collective effects
Abstract The spontaneous emission of radiation from two two-level atoms in a Fabry-Perot cavity is considered. The transition frequency of the atoms is assumed to be modulated. It is shown that the frequency modulation leads to radical change of the spontaneous emission dynamics, including the decoherence properties of the entangled atomic states. Two ingredients are necessary in order to achieve this. Firstly, the modulation should be able to periodically detune the atoms from the resonance with the cavity. Secondly, the dynamics of spontaneous emission is efficiently modified if a resonant condition between the modulation frequency and modulation depth is fulfilled. Thus, frequency modulation can be used to dynamically control the collective effects in spontaneous emission in cavities