Post-stroke pneumonia, urinary tract infection and mortality in patients with and without beta-blocker therapy (n = 625).

<p>HR/RR: Hazard-Ratio and Rate Ratio (adjusted for age, sex and baseline NIHSS) obtained using Poisson (pneumonia, urinary tract infection) and Cox (death) regression models, CI: Confidence interval,</p><p>*Likelihood Ratio Test,</p><p>‡ competing risk situation</p><p>Post-stroke pneumonia, urinary tract infection and mortality in patients with and without beta-blocker therapy (n = 625).</p

C-reactive protein, leukocyte count, NIHSS, modified ranking scale and Barthel-index in patients with and without beta-blocker therapy (n = 625).

<p>NIHSS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; CRP: C-reactive protein; mRS: modified Ranking Scale; SE: Standard error; ANCOVAs adjusted for age, sex, baseline NIHSS and individual follow-up; Change in outcome parameters were calculated as follows: baseline value—follow-up value (for NIHSS) or highest value—baseline value (for CRP and leukocyte count)</p><p>C-reactive protein, leukocyte count, NIHSS, modified ranking scale and Barthel-index in patients with and without beta-blocker therapy (n = 625).</p

Effect of beta-blocker therapy on post-stroke infections stratified by statin therapy.

<p>*p-value for interaction based on a Likelihood Ratio Test comparing a model with interaction term with the corresponding model without interaction term</p><p>Effect of beta-blocker therapy on post-stroke infections stratified by statin therapy.</p

Baseline characteristics of patients with and without beta-blocker therapy (n = 625).

<p>SD: Standard deviation, IQR: Interquartile range,</p><p>*t-tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and chi-square tests as appropriate</p><p>Baseline characteristics of patients with and without beta-blocker therapy (n = 625).</p

Kaplan-Meier plot displaying survival after stroke in patients with and without beta-blocker therapy.

<p>Patients with beta blocker therapy showed a higher 30 days mortality than those without beta blocker therapy in the univariable (log-rank test, p = 0.003) and multivariable analyses (Cox regression model, p = 0.006).</p

Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, sepsis and mortality in patients with insula/anterio-medial strokes with- and without beta-blocker therapy.

<p>Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, sepsis and mortality in patients with insula/anterio-medial strokes with- and without beta-blocker therapy.</p

Infection rates and mortality in patients with- and without beta-blocker therapy.

<p>Infection rates and mortality in patients with- and without beta-blocker therapy.</p

Uni- and multivariate logistic regression models for the association between beta-blocker therapy, post-stroke infections and mortality.

<p>Uni- and multivariate logistic regression models for the association between beta-blocker therapy, post-stroke infections and mortality.</p

Predictive value of imaging parameters for hemicraniectomy

<p>Predictive value of imaging parameters for hemicraniectomy</p

Multimodal stroke imaging from a patient with endovascular therapy and decompressive hemicraniectomy CT-slices are shown in insular (left), ganglionic (middle) and supraganglionic levels from left to right.

<p>(a) ncCT on baseline presentation with an ASPECTS of 5, a symptom-to-CT time of 118 min and a baseline NIHSS of 12. (b) Cerebral blood volume on baseline with an ASPECTS of 3. (c) DSA before EVT with mTICI 0 and (d) after EVT with successful recanalization. (e) follow up ncCT with temporal edematous swelling compressing the right anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. (f) ncCT after DH with infarct demarcation of the territorial infarction of the medial cerebral artery circulation. ncCT: non-contrast cranial computed tomography; ASPECTS: Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score; NIHSS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; DSA: digital subtraction angiography; EVT: endovascular therapy; mTICI: modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score.</p