Kaplan-Meier plots.

<p>The observation period (days) is from 18 months (+/−6 months) after initiation of cART till death or 01/01/2010. The dotted line depicts the highest 50^th percentile and the full line depicts the lowest 50^th percentile. Analysis of survival linked to T cell subset are made with proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ cells respectively. Analysis using concentrations instead of proportions yielded similar results. Subsets were defined as naïve CD4/8(CD45RA+, CD62+), memory CD4/8 (CD45RA-, CD45R0+) and activated CD4 (HLA-DR+), and activated CD8 (HLA-DR+, CD38+).</p

Levels of β2-microglobulin, IL-8, TNFα, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sE-Selectin in HIV infected patients (HIV+) after 12 years of successful cART compared to HIV negative controls.

<p>Please note that β2-microglobulin is shown on a logarithmic Y-axis. Means were compared using Mann-Whitney test and depicted as boxplots with Tukey whiskers (1.5 times the interquartile distance or to the highest or lowest point, whichever is shorter). * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.001.</p

Basic characteristics for Danish born HIV-infected individuals and comparison cohort individuals.

<p><b>Abbreviations:</b> IQR: Interquartile range; IR: Incidence Rate; 95% CI: 95% Confidence Interval; PYR: Person-years; MSM: men who have sex with men; DM: Diabetes Mellitus; HAART: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.</p

Characteristics of HIV<b>-</b>infected individuals initiating HAART after 1 January 1998 with a VL < 50 copies/ml within 180 days of HAART initiation.

<p><b>Abbreviations:</b> IQR: Interquartile range; MR: Mortality Rate; 95% CI: 95% Confidence Interval; MSM: men who have sex with men; HAART: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy; VL: Viral Load.</p>*<p>The column “Individuals with Non-STATIN time” includes data on all patients who were not on statin treatment at study entry, and the column “Individuals with time on a STATIN” includes data on all patients who during observation time were treated with statin. Some patients were therefore included in both columns why the total number adds up to more than 100%.</p><p>For conversion from the SI unit mmol/L to mg/dL: (mg/dL cholesterol  =  mmol/L * 38.6) <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0052828#pone.0052828-EuropeanAssociationforCardiovascularPrevention1" target="_blank">[33]</a>.</p

Risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Danish born HIV-infected individuals compared to Danish born comparison cohort individuals.

<p><b>Abbreviations:</b> IRR: Incidence rate ratio; 95% CI: Confidence Interval; PYR: Person-years; HAART: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.</p>*<p>Adjusted for age (split at 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65), gender and calendar time (split at 3, 5, 8 and 11 years after January 1, 1996).</p>**<p>Analysed separately according to split in calendar time (split at 3 years after January 1, 1996) and adjusted for age (split at 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, and 65) and gender. For time periods after 31 December1998 the analysis were further adjusted for calendar time (split at 5, 8, 11 years after January 1, 1996).</p

Uni-and multivariate cox regression.

<p>The analysis only included subjects with complete data (N = 90).</p><p>HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval, %: proportion of total CD4 or CD8 cells respectively.</p><p>Subsets were defined as naïve CD4/8(CD45RA+, CD62+), memory CD4/8 (CD45RA-, CD45R0+), activated CD4 (HLA-DR+), and activated CD8 (HLA-DR+, CD38+).</p

FGF-21 mRNA are increased in muscle from subjects with HIV-lipodystrophy and correlates to several measurement of insulin resistance.

<p>(A) Fasting plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 are increased 2-fold in HIV subjects with lipodystrophy compared to healthy men; (B) mRNA expression of FGF-21 are increased 8-fold in muscle biopsies from HIV subjects with lipodystrophy compared to healthy men; (C–F) Plots of FGF-21 mRNA in muscle versus several measurements of insulin resistance: FGF-21 mRNA in muscle are positively correlated to fasting insulin (C), HOMA-IR (D), Area under the curve for insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test (E), Area under the curve for C-peptide during an oral glucose tolerance test (F), and negatively correlated to the incremental rate of disappearance of glucose (G), and fractionel velocity of glycogen synthesis (H) in healthy (◊) and HIV subjects with lipodystrophy (•). In the dot plots data for each subjects are given and the line represent means. * P<0.05 and ***P<0.001 for healthy vs HIV-lipodystrophy patients. For plots, linear regression lines, correlations coefficient, and significance levels are given for all subjects.</p

Cumulative incidence of diabetes mellitus in Danish born HIV-infected individuals compared to a Danish born comparison cohort.

<p>(Index date: the latest of 1 January 1996 or date of HIV diagnosis).</p

Impact of specific antiretroviral drugs on risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Danish born HIV-infected individuals on HAART.

<p><b>Abbreviations:</b> IRR: Incidence rate ratio; 95% CI: Confidence Interval; PYR: Person-years; Ref: Reference group ∼ HIV-infected individuals on HAART not exposed to the investigated antiretroviral drug.</p>*<p>Adjusted for age (split at 30, 40, 50 and 60), gender, calendar time (split at 3, 5, 8 and 11 years after January 1, 1996), Hepatitis C infection or intravenous drug abuse, and CD4 cell count (split at date of CD4 cell count >200 cells/µL after start of HAART).</p

Mortality rate ratio (MRR) of HIV-infected individuals initiating HAART after 1 January 1998 with a VL <50 copies/ml within 180 days of HAART initiation with censoring of individuals with virological failure (VL >500copies/ml) comparing time on statin with time not on statin.

<p><b>Abbreviations:</b> MRM: Mortality Rate Ratio; 95% CI: 95% Confidence Interval; PYR: Person years of follow-up; MSM: men who have sex with men; HAART: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.</p>*<p><b>Adjustment 1:</b> Adjusted for age (treated as time-updated variables split at 30, 40, 50, 60,70), gender, race, HIV transmission group, CD4 cell count at HAART initiation (<50, 50–200, >200 cells/µl), HIV VL at HAART initiation (log₁₀ VL), total cholesterol (<5, 5–8, >8, missing values), year of HAART initiation (<2004 vs. > = 2004), ART prior to HAART, AIDS defining illness prior to HAART initiation, Viral hepatitis C co-infection.</p>*<p><b>Adjustment 2:</b> Adjusted for variables as in model 1 + comorbidity and the clinically important interaction between comorbidity and statin use/non-use, The MRRs are therefore presented both before and after development of a comorbid condition. Comorbidity is defined as the first of the following comorbid conditions: coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, chronic kidney disease and a redeemed prescription of an antidiabetic drug and introduced as a time-updated variable.</p