4 research outputs found
Polyelectrolyte Adsorption: Electrostatic Mechanisms and Nonmonotonic Responses to Salt Addition
The main question addressed in this work is as follows:
Under pure
electrosorption conditions, that is, disregarding nonelectrostatic
effects, how does the net adsorption of a polyelectrolyte at an oppositely
charged surface respond to the addition of simple salt? Previous simulations
and mean-field calculations have suggested that the polymers will
desorb. However, we will demonstrate that an increased adsorption
also is possible, even for pure electrosorption, at low and intermediate
levels of salt. As this is a correlation-driven effect, mean field
approaches will fail to capture it. Using simulations, one will in
general need to simulate large systems and relatively long polymers.
Also important is the presence of a proper bulk solution, with a finite
and well-defined polyelectrolyte concentration. We have performed
a theoretical study of polyelectrolyte adsorption, assuming screened
Coulomb interactions between monomers; that is, the salt is implicit.
This work focuses on the effects from ionic screening and polymer
length. Specifically, the adsorption at a weakly charged colloidal
particle, with a diameter of 200 nm, is monitored for various salt
concentrations, in the presence of highly charged chains. Using simulations,
we investigate polymers with two different degrees of polymerization:
40 and 160, respectively. These simulations are complemented by predictions
from classical polymer density functional theory, utilizing a recently
developed correlation-correction (Forsman, J.; Nordholm, S. <i>Langmuir</i>, in press). The agreement with corresponding simulations
is semiquantitative, and because the calculations run many orders
of magnitude faster than the simulations, longer and more realistic
polymers could be studied with this approach. However, switching off
the correlation-correction leads to a mean-field theory, which fails
to even qualitatively reproduce the simulated response to screening
A Many-Body Hamiltonian for Nanoparticles Immersed in a Polymer Solution
We developed an analytical theory
for the many-body potential of
mean force (POMF) between <i>N</i> spheres immersed in a
continuum chain fluid. The theory is almost exact for a Θ polymer
solution in the protein limit (small particles, long polymers), where <i>N</i>-body effects are important. Polydispersity in polymer
length according to a Schulz–Flory distribution emerges naturally
from our analysis, as does the transition to the monodisperse limit.
The analytical expression for the POMF allows for computer simulations
employing the <i>complete N</i>-body potential (i.e., without <i>n</i>-body truncation; <i>n</i> < <i>N</i>). These are compared with simulations of an explicit particle/polymer
mixture. We show that the theory produces fluid structure in excellent
agreement with the explicit model simulations even when the system
is strongly fluctuating, e.g., at or near the spinodal region. We
also demonstrate that other commonly used theoretical approaches,
such as truncation of the POMF at the pair level or the Asakura Oosawa
model, are extremely inaccurate for these systems
Differential Capacitance of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids: The Role of Dispersion Forces
We investigate theoretical models of room temperature ionic liquids, and find that the experimentally observed camel-shape of the differential capacitance is strongly related to dispersion interactions in these systems. At low surface charge densities, the loss of dispersion interactions in the vicinity of the electrodes generates depleted densities, with a concomitant drop of the differential capacitance. This behavior is not observed in models where dispersion interactions have been removed
Anisotropic Interactions in Protein Mixtures: Self Assembly and Phase Behavior in Aqueous Solution
Recent experimental studies show that oppositely charged
proteins
can self-assemble to form seemingly stable microspheres in aqueous
salt solutions. We here use parallel tempering Monte Carlo simulations
to study protein phase separation of lysozyme/α-lactalbumin
mixtures and show that anisotropic electrostatic interactions are
important for driving protein self-assembly. In both dilute and concentrated
protein phases, the proteins strongly align according to their charge
distribution. While this alignment can be greatly diminished by a <i>single</i> point mutation, phase separation is completely suppressed
when neglecting electrostatic anisotropy. The results highlight the
importance of subtle electrostatic interactions even in crowded biomolecular
environments where other short-ranged forces are often thought to
dominate