Dinamične prilagoditve mezolitskih pionirjev na območju Gotlanda ob Baltskem morju

Mesolithic pioneers reached Gotland around 9200 cal BP and adopted seal-hunting. The subsistence economy was flexible, and the importance of freshwater fish is reflected in the location of settlements and available stable isotope data. Overgrowing lakes provided an important subsistence base, and marine resources were mainly related to raw material needs. The narrower breadth of resources is reflected in the osseous production, where implements were made from seal bones. The lithic technology exhibits local adaptations over time – in the form of a simplification of the technology – that we relate to sedentism and increases in risk management and external networks.Mezolitski pionirji so dosegli Gotland ok. leta 9200 pr. n. št. in so prevzeli lov na tjulnje. Njihovo samooskrbno gospodarstvo je bilo prožno, pomen sladkovodnih rib pa se kaže tako v lokacijah naselbin kot podatkih o stabilnih izotopih. Zaraščena jezera so nudila pomembno osnovo preživetja in morski viri so bili predvsem povezani s potrebo po surovinah. Slabše dostopni visi se kažejo v produkciji kostnih izdelkov, ki so bili izdelani iz tjulnjevih kosti. Kamnita orodja pa kažejo lokalne prilagoditve skozi čas – v obliki poenostavljanja tehnologije –, ki jih povezujemo s stalnim načinom življenja in povečanjem upravljanja tveganj ter zunanjih omrežij

The effect of a nighttime curfew on the spread of COVID-19

While nighttime curfews are less severe restrictions compared to around-the-clock curfews in mitigating the spread of Covid-19, they are nevertheless highly controversial, with the scarce literature on their effectiveness providing mixed evidence. We study the effectiveness of the nighttime curfew in Hamburg, Germany’s second largest city, in mitigating the spread of Covid-19. This curfew forbid people from leaving their home between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. for non-essential businesses. Applying both difference-in-differences and synthetic control group methods, we find that the curfew was effective in reducing the number of Covid-19 cases. As it is unclear whether and how the virus will mutate in the next time, policy-makers might have to resort to non-pharmaceutical interventions again. Nighttime curfews should be kept in the toolbox of policy-makers to fight Covid-19

Life and afterlife in the Nordic Bronze Age : Proceedings of the 15th Nordic Bronze Age Symposium held in Lund, Sweden, June 11-15, 2019

Life and afterlife in the Nordic Bronze Age contains some of the papers presented at the 15th Nordic Bronze Age Symposium, June 2019. Over these five days approximately 100 researchers of the Bronze Age gathered to present papers and discuss traditional research questions as well as current topics that have been brought about by the breakthrough of the third scientific revolution of archaeology over the last 20 years

Specialiserat flinthantverk på Hisingen

In this paper, the flint depositions at Tuve 46 are analysed. Here around 30 depositions containing several thousands of waste flakes were recovered together with flint tools such as large bifaces, thick-butted axes, spoon-shaped scrapers, bifacial points. It is suggested that specialized flint knappers from flint-rich areas in southern Scandinavia came to the site during the early Late Neolithic period (LN I). They brought suitable flint with them and produced tools and deposited the waste material

Stenålderslokalen vid Kämpinge, Räng socken, Skåne, säsongen 2014 : rapport arkeologisk undersökning

I maj och juni 2014 genomförde institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, Lunds universitet, en arkeologisk undersökning vid Kämpinge i Räng sn, Skåne. Undersökningen leddes av Jan Apel och föranleddes av de stora mängder lösfynd från som över åren gjorts inom fornlämningen RAÄ 4:1, Rängs sn. Totalt handgrävdes 22 m2 och 781 fyndposter registrerades. Utöver detta sonderades undersökningsområdet med handdriven borr i syfte att kartlägga områdets stratigrafi. Eftersom en omfattande jordvändning av åkrarna i området genomfördes under historisk tid var ett av målen med undersökningen att klarlägga om orörda kulturlager fortfarande finns bevarade på platsen. En annan frågeställning rörde flinthantverket. Nyligen publicerade studier av det senmesolitiska flinthantverket på platsen (Leffler 2012a) har lett till ett ifrågasättande av den traditionella, kronologiskt förankrade, senmesolitiska flinttypologin i södra Skandinavien (Vang Petersen 1999) och detta föranleder teknologiska studier av flintmaterialet från Kämpinge. Undersökningen genomfördes som en seminariegrävning för arkeologistudenter från Lunds Universitet.Slutsatsen av undersökningen är att stora delar av undersökningsområdet består av omrörda lager som innehåller stora mängder bearbetad flinta från senmesolitisk tid och ett omfattande obränt benmaterial av framförallt domesticerade arter som med all sannolikhet tillhör senare tidsperioder. Samtliga schakt utom ett grävdes ner till steril nivå som bestod av en gul moränlera. Det är sannolikt att stora delar av undersökningsområdet har påverkats av den historiska jordvändningen.I ett område närmast Norrjevägen (se schakt 4, figur 4), konstaterades dock en mer komplicerad lagerföljd. Efter att ha grävt ner schaktet c:a 1 m genom omrörda lager innehållande fynd från mesolitisk och historisk tid påträffades i schaktets södra del ett påfört moränlager som tydligt avtecknade sig i plan och profil. Under följde ett lager med fynd av flintor som på typologiska grunder kan hänföras till senatlantisk tid (Ertebøllekultur) utan inblandning av fynd från senare perioder. Under detta lager påträffades ytterligare ett lager där flintor med en äldre typologisk/teknologisk karaktär (kongemosekultur) påträffades, bland annat tryckta mikrospån och mikrospånkärnor. Inte heller i detta lager fanns några inslag av fynd från senare tidsperioder. Slutligen påträffades en gles stenpackning som kan vara en del av den historiska strandvallen men även skulle kunna vara anlagd. På grund av tidsbrist frilades den inte i plan och grävdes heller inte igenom. Vi planerar att inrikta 2015 års fältinsatser på att undersöka denna stenpackning närmare. En arbetshypotes är att det påförda moränlagret härrör från anläggandet av stenpackningen och en rimlig tanke är då att stenpackningen skapats under senatlantisk tid och att man då grävt igenom ett äldre, tidigatlantiskt, kulturlager.Slutsatsen av 2014-års fältinsatser på Kämpingelokalen är alltså att stora delar av undersökningsområdet tycks bestå av omrörda lager som stratigrafiskt följs av en gul, steril, morän. I undersökningsområdets västra del var lagren betydligt mäktigare och här påträffades även lager som kan utgöra kronologisk låsta stenålderslager

Digital detox: An effective solution in the smartphone era? A systematic literature review

Smartphone use, e.g., on social network sites or instant messaging, can impair well-being and is related to clinical phenomena, like depression. Digital detox interventions have been suggested as a solution to reduce negative impacts from smartphone use on outcomes like well-being or social relationships. Digital detox is defined as timeouts from using electronic devices (e.g., smartphones), either completely or for specific subsets of smartphone use. However, until now, it has been unclear whether digital detox interventions are effective at promoting a healthy way of life in the digital era. This systematic literature review aimed to answer the question of whether digital detox interventions are effective at improving outcomes like health and well-being, social relationships, self-control or performance. Systematic searches of seven databases were carried out according to PRISMA guidelines, and intervention studies were extracted that examined timeouts from smartphone use and/or smartphone-related use of social network sites and instant messaging. The review yielded k = 21 extracted studies (total N = 3,625 participants). The studies included interventions in the field, from which 12 were identified as randomized controlled trials. The results showed that the effects from digital detox interventions varied across studies on health and well-being, social relationships, self-control, or performance. For example, some studies found positive intervention effects, whereas others found no effect or even negative consequences for well-being. Reasons for these mixed findings are discussed. Research is needed to examine mechanisms of change to derive implications for the development of successful digital detox interventions

Impacts of human activity and global changes on future morphodynamics within the tien river, vietnamese mekong delta

The hydro-and morphodynamic processes within the Vietnamese Mekong Delta are heavily impacted by human activity, which in turn affects the livelihood of millions of people. The main drivers that could impact future developments within the delta are local stressors like hydropower development and sand mining, but also global challenges like climate change and relative sea level rise. Within this study, a hydro-morphodynamic model was developed, which focused on a stretch of the Tien River and was nested into a well-calibrated model of the delta's hydrodynamics. Multiple scenarios were developed in order to assess the projected impacts of the different drivers on the river's morphodynamics. Simulations were carried out for a baseline scenario (2000-2010) and for a set of plausible scenarios for a future period (2050-2060). The results for the baseline scenario indicate that the Tien River is already subject to substantial erosion under present-day conditions. For the future period, hydropower development has the highest impact on the local erosion and deposition budget, thus amplifying erosional processes, followed by an increase in sand mining activity and climate change-related variations in discharge. The results also indicate that relative sea level rise only has a minimal impact on the local morphodynamics of this river stretch, while erosional tendencies are slowed by a complete prohibition of sand mining activity. In the future, an unfavourable combination of drivers could increase the local imbalance between erosion and deposition by up to 89%, while the bed level could be incised by an additional 146%. © 2020 by the authors

Digital detox: An effective solution in the smartphone era? A systematic literature review

Smartphone use, e.g., on social network sites or instant messaging, can impair well-being and is related to clinical phenomena, like depression. Digital detox interventions have been suggested as a solution to reduce negative impacts from smartphone use on outcomes like well-being or social relationships. Digital detox is defined as timeouts from using electronic devices (e.g., smartphones), either completely or for specific subsets of smartphone use. However, until now, it has been unclear whether digital detox interventions are effective at promoting a healthy way of life in the digital era. This systematic literature review aimed to answer the question of whether digital detox interventions are effective at improving outcomes like health and well-being, social relationships, self-control or performance. Systematic searches of seven databases were carried out according to PRISMA guidelines, and intervention studies were extracted that examined timeouts from smartphone use and/or smartphone-related use of social network sites and instant messaging. The review yielded k = 21 extracted studies (total N = 3,625 participants). The studies included interventions in the field, from which 12 were identified as randomized controlled trials. The results showed that the effects from digital detox interventions varied across studies on health and well-being, social relationships, self-control, or performance. For example, some studies found positive intervention effects, whereas others found no effect or even negative consequences for well-being. Reasons for these mixed findings are discussed. Research is needed to examine mechanisms of change to derive implications for the development of successful digital detox interventions

CP asymmetry in B→ϕKSB \to \phi K_S in a general two-Higgs-doublet model with fourth-generation quarks

We discuss the time-dependent CP asymmetry of decay $B \to \phi K_S$ in an extension of the Standard Model with both two Higgs doublets and additional fourth-generation quarks. We show that although the Standard Model with two-Higgs-doublet and the Standard model with fourth generation quarks alone are not likely to largely change the effective $\sin 2 \beta$ from the decay of $B \to \phi K_S$, the model with both additional Higgs doublet and fourth-generation quarks can easily account for the possible large negative value of $\sin 2 \beta$ without conflicting with other experimental constraints. In this model, additional large CP violating effects may arise from the flavor changing Yukawa interactions between neutral Higgs bosons and the heavy fourth generation down type quark, which can modify the QCD penguin contributions. With the constraints obtained from $b \to s \bar{s} s$ processes such as $B \to X_s \gamma$ and $\Delta m_{B_s^0}$, this model can lead to the effective $\sin 2 \beta$ to be as large as $- 0.4$ in the CP asymmetry of $B \to \phi K_S$.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, references added, to appear in Eur.Phys.J.