Efektifitas buah maja sebagai konservan cagar budaya berbahan logam

Asam sitrat yang selama ini digunakan sebagai bahan konservan cagar budaya berbahan logam merupakan bahan kimia industri, yang sedikit banyak memberikan efek negatif terhadap lingkungan maupun konservator. Penelitian ini mengujicobakan buah maja (Aegle Marmelas (L) Correa)sebagai bahan alternatif pengganti asam sitrat sebagai konsevan cgar budaya berbahan logam

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG PADA AREAL PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI KECAMATAN BESULUTU KABUPATEN KONAWE SULAWESI TENGGARA

ABSTRACTThis research aims to know the diversity and apportionment’s of bird on oils palm plantation acreage at Besulutu area Konawe Regency South-east Sulawesi. This research was done at oils palm plantation area PT. Mega Utama Tani on September until October 2015. This research constitutes explorative research. In this research the researcher made three stations with the reason that each station has distinctive. The data of Bird was taking by use IPA (Indices Punctual Abundance method). IPA (Indices Punctual Abundance) method is bird watch method to be accounted deep given time range that at compounds by transect's method of lines Transect's line. Base on observational result, it was found as much 17 bird geneses with totaled bird individual 722 one most deep groups 7 ordo and 14 families. Shannon Wiener's diversity index I-III alternately each of 1,99, 1,96, 2,30. Bird diversity on station I and II Includes in low category, meanwhile III. Station comprises category be, apportionment Pielou's index I-III alternately each of 0,72, 0,79, 0,83. Base acquired apportionment point on three stations, the apportionment of these three stations is categorize as high.Keyword : Bird, Oil Palm Plantation, Diversity, Apportionmen

Effects of hydrocarbons on reproductive physiology of the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata

There are a lot of evidence that show hvdrocarbones cause some defect in reproduction and growth of bivalves. Bivalves are filter-feeder, thus accumulate more hydrocarbones in their tissue. In this study adult pearl producing oysters (Pinctada fucata) are used for all experimens. Samples of oysters, water and sediment from four natural beds; Nakhiloo (clean), Hendurabi (semipolluted), Lavan 1 (semipolluted) and Lavan 2 (polluted) were gatherd for 13 succesive months. Temperature, salinity, pH, oxygen and turbidity were recorded in each sampling. Oysters were kept in laboratory for adapation and then their length (DVM) were measured. Hemolymph samples were collected by insuline syring. Sediments and soft tissues of oysters were dissolved in carbon tetrachloride and when heated to extract oil hydrocarbones. UV, GC and IR were used to assay oil hydrocarbones. Accumulation of hydrocabones in soft tissue were as follows : Kakhiloo<Hendurabi< Lavan 1<Lavan 2 Regarding water, pollution in Lavan was more than Nakhiloo and Hendurabi, however due to water currents and closeness of Lavan 1 and Kakhiloo station to the coast pollution was less than Hendurabi. Results showed that there is not meaningful difference (P<0.05) between sexual hormones in males and femals. Concerning progesterone cycle, there are two peak of spawning in oysters, major one in late spring and minor one in mid fall. Little elevation of progesterone start gamete and a lot of elevation release gametes_ Esteradiols gradually increase during gametogenesis and reach to maximum level during vitellogenesis. Testosterone have a synergestic role which esteradiol during vitellogenesis and also is effective in male sexuality. Multi regression test showed that there isn't meaning relationship (P<0.05) between hydrocarbones pollution and esteradiols. However in Lavan 2 due to hormone concentration of hydrocarbones had some effect in sexual hormonal cycles. Turbidity was the most effective factor for releasing of progesterone. Progesterone was a stimulating factor for releasing estradiol also release of testosterone was corrolated with oxygen and depth of beds. One way analysis of variance showed that there is not significant relasionship (P<0.05) between different factory in stations

PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DENGAN METODE SNOWBALL THROWING

Penelitian ini merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam melalui metode Snowball Throwing pada siswa kelas V di SD Negeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam materi Azan dan Ikamah Pada siswa kelas V di SD Negeri Tahun 2019/2020 dengan menggunakan Metode Snowball Throwing. Penerapan metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian dilakukan dengan 2 siklus yang setiap siklusnya terdapat 4 tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas V di SD Negeri&nbsp; sebanyak 27 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan lembar observasi, soal tes tertulis. Berdasarkan analisis, hasil tes dan observasi yang sudah dilakukan peneliti diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kegiatan belajar dan aktivitas siswa sehingga hasil belajar siswa meningkat pada setiap siklusnya. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan Metode Snowball Throwing dapat meningkatan hasil belajar PAI pada siswa kelas V di SD Negeri tahun 2019/2020

Bioakumulasi Logam Nikel dan Pola Ordinasi Pada Gastropoda di Kawasan Mangrove Sekitar Areal Bekas Lahan Pertambangan Kabupaten Konawe Utara Sulawesi Tenggara

This study aims to determine the bioaccumulation of nickel metal and the spatial distribution pattern of gastropods in the area of the former nickel mining area in Tokowuta Village, Lasolo District, North Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The method used is a combination of the path method and sample plot. The parameters observed in this study include nickel bioaccumulation in gastropods, density, frequency, diversity index, uniformity index, dominance index, dispersal pattern, and PCA ordinance pattern. The results showed that there were seven species in this region where the highest nickel bioaccumulation was found in the type of Nerita lineata (0.068 ppm) and the lowest in Terebralia sulcata (0.017 ppm). The highest density and frequency were found in Terebralia sulcata (54.66% and 25.53%) and the lowest in Telescopium telescopium (1.93% and 4.26%). In this region has a low diversity index (1.36), a uniformity index that is an unstable community (0.70), a low index of dominance (0.35), cluster pattern distribution (1.19). The results of the PCA ordinance pattern study showed the spatial distribution of gastropod dissimilarity factors in each observation plot formed three clusters. Cluster 1 consists of plots 2 and 6. Cluster 2 consists of plots 3, 5, and 10. Cluster 3 consists of plots 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12. The spatial distribution of gastropod habitat factors in each observation plot forms three clusters with different characteristics. Cluster 1 is characterized by soil nickel content. Cluster 2 by salinity. Cluster 3 with pH and water temperature. The spatial distribution of gastropod types based on habitat characteristics can form four clusters. Cluster 1 consists of Littorariascabra. Cluster 2 consists of Terebraliasulcata species. Cluster 3 with Telescopium telescopium and Littoraria melanostoma species. Cluster 4 with Cerithidea cingulata, Cerithidea quadrata, and Nerita lineata species. Keywords: Nickel Metal, Gastropoda, Ordination PatternABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui bioakumulasi logam nikel dan pola distribusi spasial gastropoda di kawasanareal bekas lahan tambang nikel di Desa Tokowuta Kecamatan Lasolo Kabupaten Konawe Utara Sulawesi Tenggara. Metode yang digunakan adalah kombinasi antara metode jalur dan petak contoh. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini meliputi bioakumulasi nikel pada gastropoda, kepadatan, frekuensi, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman, indeks dominansi, pola penyebaran dan pola ordinansi PCA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat tujuh spesies pada kawasan ini dimana bioakumulasi nikel tertinggi terdapat pada jenis Nerita lineata (0,068 ppm) dan terendah padaTerebralia sulcata (0,017 ppm). Kepadatan dan frekuensi tertinggi  terdapat pada jenis Terebralia sulcata (54,66% dan 25,53%) dan terendah padaTelescopium telescopium (1,93% dan 4,26%).Pada Kawasan ini memiliki indeks keanekaragaman yang rendah (1,36), indeks keseragaman yang Komunitas Labil(0,70), indeks dominansi yang rendah (0,35), pola penyebaranmengelompok (1,19). Hasil penelitian pola ordinansi PCA menunjukkan sebaran spasial faktor disimilaritas gastropoda pada setiap plot pengamatan membentuk tiga cluster.Cluster 1 terdiri dari plot 2 dan 6. Cluster 2 terdiri dari plot 3, 5 dan 10. Cluster 3 terdiri dari plot 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11 dan 12. Sebaran spasial faktor habitat gastropoda pada setiap plot pengamatan membentuk tiga cluster dengan karakteristik yang berbeda. Cluster 1 dicirikan kadar nikel tanah. Cluster 2 oleh salinitas. Cluster 3 dengan pH dan suhu perairan. Sebaran spasial jenis gastropoda berdasarkan karakteristik habitat dapat membentuk empat cluster. Cluster 1 terdiri dari Littoraria scabra. Cluster 2 terdiri dari Terebralia sulcata. Cluster 3 dengan jenis Telescopium telescopium dan Littoraria melanostoma. Cluster 4 dengan jenis Cerithidea cingulata,  Cerithidea quadrata dan Nerita lineat

Karakteristik Gen Sitokrom C Oksidase Sub Unit I (CO1) Lebah Liar Apis cerena (Hymenoptera: apidae) Asal Pulau Hoga Sulawesi Tenggara

The study was conducted to assess the caracteristic of cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene on wild honey bee Apis cerena, and detection of barcode sites from these gene. A total fifteen individual A. cerena were collected from Hoga Island, Southeast Sulawesi. Genomic DNA was extracted from torax, then amplified by PCR method and than sequenced. Sequencing result characterized their nucleotide and amino acid content. The results showed that 595 nucleotides at the 5' end of COI gene of A. cerena very conserved at the most of the sites. Nucleotide dominated by thymine and adenine bases (± 70%). There are 25 barcoding sites for A. cerena. There are two of these sites are diagnostics for A. cerena from of the Hoga Island. From of 595 basepairs nucleotide were prediction encode 198 amino acid, and only eleven percent of the these are varied between species. Amino acid 91th (treonine) and 103th (asparagin) were diagnostics amino acid for A. cerena from Hoga Island, Southeast Sulawesi. Molecular phylogeny reconstructed based on both nucleotide and amino acid sequence placing apis cerena from Hoga Island, Souteast Sulawesi is closely related to Apis cerena from Genbank source

Apogonichthyoides taeniatus (Cuvier, 1828)

Apogonichthyoides taeniatus also known as two belt cardinal and striped cardinalfish, this species was named: Apogon taeniatus and Apagon bifasciatus, but Apogonichthyoides taeniatus accepted now. It is a marine fish of subtropical climate and associated coastal reefs and mangroves. A. taeniatus is an extremely cryptic species. It is virtually never seen during the day. A. taeniatus also appears to be a very shallow water species. A. taeniatus is found in seagrass beds or areas with heavy algal growth. A. taeniatus is easily confused with A. pseudotaeniatus, which has a similar color pattern. A. taeniatus inhabits coastal shallow silty and mangrove areas and usually found at depths between 5–20 m. It can grow up to 5 cm maximum. We report for the first time from Iranian Waters) Persian Gulf, Kish Island), we found it at depth from 3 m, and Maximum length is 4 cm in Kish Island (Iranian Waters). Males incubate eggs in buccal cavity. Embryos do not feed externally in the buccal cavity. Distinct pairing during courtship and spawning. Internal fertilization and paternal care by mouth brooding is found to be a rare combination of reproductive strategy

Culcita novaeguineae (Müller & Troschel, 1842)

Culcita novaeguineae or cushion star is a species of starfish. It has short arms and an inflated appearance and resembles a pentagonal pincushion. It is variable in colour and can be found in tropical warm waters in the Indo-Pacific. C. novaeguineae is living coral reefs at reef edge and slope at depths of 1 to 20 m. We report for the first time from Bali Waters (Indonesia). This species has exhibited a slight preference for the coral Acropora spp. over Poccilopora spp. and Porities spp. A mature C. novaeguineae is pentagonal in shape with an inflated appearance and much-abbreviated arms. It can grow to a diameter of 30 cm. Rows of tube feet are on the underside, and it has a central mouth. The color is very variable and includes a mottling with darker and lighter shades of fawn, brown, orange, yellow and green. The armored body wall is made of calcareous ossicles which are supported internally by pillars which buttress the ambulacra. The armouring contains pits into which the tube feet can be retracted. The body cavity is filled with water. Small cushion stars are very different in appearance. They are star-shaped, with five short, broad arms and a low profile. As they grow, the inter-arm areas fill in and expand relative to the tube-feet areas, and the arms get shorter relative to the disc which becomes inflated and more massive

Pomacentrus tripunctatus (Cuvier, 1830)

Pomacentrus tripunctatus or Threespot damsel is a small tropical species that occurs in shallow coral reef waters. A shallow water species, solitary, in holes of small rocks on sandy bottom with coral rubbles, usually alone. P. tripunctatus is found in shallow bays and silty coastal reefs and other 'dead' areas, up to 3m deep. We report for the first time from Persian Gulf (Kish Island, Iran). Maximum length is 7 cm in Persian Gulf. They found at depths of from 2 to 6 m (in Kish Island, Iran). Adults inhabit shallow bays, silty coastal reefs and harbors with sparse coral and algal growth. Adults are brownish with darker scale margins. They have a large dark spot on the upper caudal peduncle. Juveniles are lighter in color and have a large, blue-margined black spot on the dorsal fin. P. tripunctatus is Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding. Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate. Males guard and aerate the eggs