AN EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH THREATS ASSOCIATED WITH STREAM DISCHARGE FROM TOWN CREEK IN GREENVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA

Town Commons is a major recreational area within the city of Greenville that is frequented by many students and residents who utilize the water resources of the Tar River for kayaking, fishing and other activities. Complaints of gasoline odors and oily substances in Town Creek, near Town Commons have been documented since the 1980's and these complaints persist today. Also, storm water runoff has been identified as major non-point source of pollution due to the high percentage of impervious surface (~50%) in the Town Creek Watershed. The North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources indicated that groundwater contaminated by leaking underground storage tanks (LUST) was likely discharging into Town Creek and causing the odor and aesthetic issues. Excess bacteria concentrations in the recreational waters, especially after rain events, may be a public and environmental health threat. The goal of this study was to determine if the discharge from Town Creek poses a threat to the environment and public health. The specific objectives included: 1) to determine if the benzene concentration in groundwater and surface water exceeded the national standards (51 [micro]g/L); 2) to determine if the air quality standard for benzene was exceeded near Town Creek (5 ppm for 15 or more minutes); and 3) to determine if the concentrations of E. coli and enterococcus exceeded the recreational water quality standards (single sample threshold, 235 cfu/100 mL for E. coli and 61 cfu/100 mL for enterococcus). Results showed that benzene concentrations in water were higher than standards for 40% of the sampling events, benzene concentrations in the air were higher than standards 75% of the sampling events and E. coli concentration in the stream were higher than standards 40% of the time during base flow and 75% during storm flow. Implementation of storm water control measures, remediation of groundwater contaminated with benzene, and continued monitoring is suggested to improve the quality of water in Town Creek

AN EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH THREATS ASSOCIATED WITH STREAM DISCHARGE FROM TOWN CREEK IN GREENVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA

Town Commons is a major recreational area within the city of Greenville that is frequented by many students and residents who utilize the water resources of the Tar River for kayaking, fishing and other activities. Complaints of gasoline odors and oily substances in Town Creek, near Town Commons have been documented since the 1980's and these complaints persist today. Also, storm water runoff has been identified as major non-point source of pollution due to the high percentage of impervious surface (~50%) in the Town Creek Watershed. The North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources indicated that groundwater contaminated by leaking underground storage tanks (LUST) was likely discharging into Town Creek and causing the odor and aesthetic issues. Excess bacteria concentrations in the recreational waters, especially after rain events, may be a public and environmental health threat. The goal of this study was to determine if the discharge from Town Creek poses a threat to the environment and public health. The specific objectives included: 1) to determine if the benzene concentration in groundwater and surface water exceeded the national standards (51 [micro]g/L)\; 2) to determine if the air quality standard for benzene was exceeded near Town Creek (5 ppm for 15 or more minutes)\; and 3) to determine if the concentrations of E. coli and enterococcus exceeded the recreational water quality standards (single sample threshold, 235 cfu/100 mL for E. coli and 61 cfu/100 mL for enterococcus). Results showed that benzene concentrations in water were higher than standards for 40% of the sampling events, benzene concentrations in the air were higher than standards 75% of the sampling events and E. coli concentration in the stream were higher than standards 40% of the time during base flow and 75% during storm flow. Implementation of storm water control measures, remediation of groundwater contaminated with benzene, and continued monitoring is suggested to improve the quality of water in Town Creek

AN EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH THREATS ASSOCIATED WITH STREAM DISCHARGE FROM TOWN CREEK IN GREENVILLE , NORTH CAROLINA

Town Commons is a major recreational area within the city of Greenville that is frequented by many students and residents who utilize the water resources of the Tar River for kayaking , fishing and other activities. Complaints of gasoline odors and oily substances in Town Creek , near Town Commons have been documented since the 1980's and these complaints persist today. Also , storm water runoff has been identified as major non-point source of pollution due to the high percentage of impervious surface (~50%) in the Town Creek Watershed. The North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources indicated that groundwater contaminated by leaking underground storage tanks (LUST) was likely discharging into Town Creek and causing the odor and aesthetic issues. Excess bacteria concentrations in the recreational waters , especially after rain events , may be a public and environmental health threat. The goal of this study was to determine if the discharge from Town Creek poses a threat to the environment and public health. The specific objectives included: 1) to determine if the benzene concentration in groundwater and surface water exceeded the national standards (51 [micro]g/L); 2) to determine if the air quality standard for benzene was exceeded near Town Creek (5 ppm for 15 or more minutes); and 3) to determine if the concentrations of E. coli and enterococcus exceeded the recreational water quality standards (single sample threshold , 235 cfu/100 mL for E. coli and 61 cfu/100 mL for enterococcus). Results showed that benzene concentrations in water were higher than standards for 40% of the sampling events , benzene concentrations in the air were higher than standards 75% of the sampling events and E. coli concentration in the stream were higher than standards 40% of the time during base flow and 75% during storm flow. Implementation of storm water control measures , remediation of groundwater contaminated with benzene , and continued monitoring is suggested to improve the quality of water in Town Creek

Geochemistry of Flood Waters from the Tar River, North Carolina Associated with Hurricane Matthew

Hurricane Matthew caused flooding in Eastern North Carolina that was categorized as a one in 500-year frequency event. Matthew was the second such event in less than 20 years, following Hurricane Floyd in 1999. The frequency of intense storms is projected to increase for many coastal areas, including North Carolina, because of climate change. The goal of this study was to gain a better insight into the geochemistry of flood waters associated with major flood events. Water samples (n = 22) from the Tar River in Greenville, North Carolina were collected over a two-week period after Matthew moved across the state. Results show that total Kjeldahl nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, phosphate, and Escherichia coli concentrations and exports were significantly (p < 0.05) higher when the river was above flood stage relative to below. Isotopic analyses of δ15N and δ18O in NO3 in flood waters suggest that wastewater, possibly from sanitary sewer and confined animal feeding operation overflows, was the major source of nitrate associated with flood waters. Regulatory efforts to reduce nutrient loading to coastal waters may be complicated by contributions associated with intense storm events, given that such storms are becoming more frequent

Major complications of bariatric surgery: Endoscopy as first-line treatment

Leaks are the most frequent early postoperative complication in the two most popular bariatric procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Multimodal therapy based on self-expandable stent insertion 'to cover' the defect is the most widely documented technique to date with a reported success rate >80%. Additional experimental techniques 'to close' the defect or 'to drain' the paradigestive cavity have been reported with encouraging results. The role of endoscopy in early postoperative bleeding is limited to management of bleeds arising from fresh sutures and the diagnosis of chronic sources of bleeding such as marginal ulcer after RYGB. Post-RYGB stricture is a more delayed complication than leaks and the role of endoscopic dilation as a first-line treatment in this indication is well documented. Ring and band placement are outdated procedures for obesity treatment, but might still be an indication for endoscopic removal, a technique which does not compromise further surgery, if needed.SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe