Exploring Brand Awareness, Customer Loyalty and Perceived Quality: how they ensure Profitability and generate Purchase Intention: A study on cosmetic industry of Pakistan

The research looks at the reseller's view of the brand's reputation, quality and customer loyalty on the profitability and purchasing of the brand. In addition, the research focuses on clarifying the role of the purchasing power intermediary in the relationship between brand awareness and profitability, quality and profitability, brand awareness and profitability. The investigation was of a causal nature and data was collected from 200 retailers. The results showed the brand awareness and loyally meaningless impact, while the observed quality had a significant impact on profitability. In addition, the results revealed a significant impact on brand awareness, quality knowledge and loyalty for purchasing purposes. The conciliation Sobel test showed that procurement intensity only conveys the relationship between observed quality and profitability.&nbsp

How to Generate Store Loyalty? Exploring the Role of Preferential Treatment and Salesperson Trust: Mediating role of Commitment to Salesperson

This article describes how much the importance and impact of preferential treatment by salespersons & customers-salespersons relationship & trust for store loyalty. Providing preferential treatment and customer trust to salesperson can be very useful for managers so that customers can be loyal. This long-term relationship helps retailers gain profits and survive in business. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Most of the data were collected from Faisalabad University students by using convenience sampling, but some of the respondents responsible for different spheres were also included in generalizability. A sufficient number of females have also been included according to the needs of the research. Both preferential treatment and trust in salesperson have a positive impact on the build-up of store loyalty. The results also that trust in the salesperson is more affecting the customer's commitment to the salesperson and thus creates loyal customers.&nbsp

Real-time patient satisfaction of emergency department services in a tertiary-care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Background: In Emergency Department (ED), patient satisfaction is an important quality indicator. The aim of this study was to assess the patient satisfaction with ED services using real- time patient satisfaction survey. Methods: The study was conducted for two weeks in the ED of Aga Khan University in December 2011. A structured questionnaire was used to capture patient’s feedback on service quality in the ED. Patient response was recorded using five-level Likert scale; strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree. Respondents were either patients or their relatives. Results: Total 348 real-time survey forms were completed. Of these 18.6% (n=61) were in P1 triage category, 32.6% (n=107) in P2 and 48.8% (n=160) were P3 patients. An overall satisfaction rate was 4.27 with satisfactory response from 84.6% patients with ED services. About 87.7% of patients were satisfied with time taken to be attended by the triage staff at the counter, Time taken to get an ED bed was 86.8% and time taken until beginning of treatment after getting an ED bed is 84.3%. Conclusion: Patient satisfaction is an important quality indicator which enables to identify areas of improvement in ED so as to provide better care & services to patients

A detailed ecological exploration of the distribution patterns of wild Poaceae from the Jhelum district (Punjab), Pakistan

The purpose of this study was to investigate the taxonomic diversity, richness, and distribution patterns of Poaceae in relation to abiotic factors in the Jhelum district of the Pakistan Himalayas. We used a random sampling technique from 80 grids within 240 sites with a rich diversity of wild grasses and 720 quadrates in triplets from each site across the Jhelum district between 2019 and 2021 to collect data on grass species and the associated environmental factors and conditions. After evaluating the important value index for each plant taxa and for the environmental data, we analyzed the data using ordination and cluster analysis techniques. Fifty-two Poaceae taxa from twenty-nine genera were recorded within the study area. From a total of 52 recorded Poaceae species, 45 were native and 7 were invasive species. The life form (biological) showed the dominancy of 27 therophyte species, followed by 24 hemicryptophyte species, and 1 geophyte species. Microphyll had the leading leaf size spectra (27 species), followed by nanophyll (12 species), macrophyll (10 species), and leptophyll (3 species). The trend of the life cycle was the maximum (27 spp.) during the monsoon season, followed by spring (11 spp.), winter (8 spp.), and summer (6 spp.). The leading genera were Setaria with 9.61% of the species, followed by Panicum, Cenchrus, and Brachiaria with 7.69% of the species. Aristida and Echinochloa made up 5.76% of the species while Chrysopogon, Digitaria, Eragrostis, Pennisetum, and Poa made up 3.84% of the species. Other genera recorded single species. The leaf size spectra of grasses were dominated by microphylls (50%) followed by nanophylls (23.07%), macrophylls (19.23%), and leptophylls (7.69%). On the basis of the importance value index, the most dominant species was Cynodon dactylon (68), followed by Dichanthium annulatum (58), Brachiaria ramose (38), Dactyloctenium aegyptium (37), Eleusine indica (35), Saccharum bengalense (33), and Cenchrus biflorus (28). Two-way cluster analyses classified the grasses into three plant community associations based on the indicator plant species. Soil parameters as subsamples were tested for moisture, pH, EC, OM, macronutrients (CaCO3, N, P, and K), and saturation while the ordination analysis revealed that they had a significant (p ≤ 0.002) effect on vegetation associations. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the influence of environmental factors on the composition and associations of grass species and the development of scientifically informed management solutions for the ecological restoration of degraded habitats in this Himalayan region

A Short Communication on Exploring the Rearing, Breeding, and Future Outlook of Damani Sheep in Pakistan

The intentional production of animals is predicated on their genetic proficiency, which is dependent on optimal resource utilization and manipulation of biotic and abiotic environmental components to increase production for societal sustenance. The annual global consumption of sheep meat is approximately 2.5 kilograms per individual, out of a total of 41.6 kilograms. Three management systems are used to rear sheep: extensive wool and meat production, intensive milk production, and traditional pastoralism. Possessing adequate resources for sheep husbandry contributes to positive welfare outcomes. This review examined the rearing, breeding, and future potential of Damani sheep in Pakistan. Damani sheep are a composite, meat-specialized breed with thin tails, tiny to medium bodies, white heads, and camel-colored legs. They are native to the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa districts of Dera Ismail Khan and Bannu and are predominantly raised for their meat and wool. Damani sheep have well-developed teats and udders, small ears, and a mature body height and weight of 53-61 cm and 27-28 kg, respectively. They are robust, well-adapted, and successful in their native environment. Damani ewes produce high-quality milk with an average fat content of 5.8 % and average lactation period of 120 days. Despite their potential, the breed\u27s per-unit meat and wool production has decreased due to cross-breeding, disease, malnutrition, improper management, and a lack of agricultural knowledge. Pakistan recognizes between 28 and 33 categories of sheep, but sheep continue to be an undervalued species with low productivity per animal unit

Design, Electrical, and Optical Modelling of Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cell

The energy scenario today is focused on the development and usage of solar cells, especially in the paradigm of clean energy. To readily create electron and hole pairs, solar cells utilize either photoactive or photosensitive components. A bulk heterojunction (BHJ) is a nanolayer consisting of donor and acceptor components with a large interpenetrated acceptor and donor contact area. In this context, a mix of P3HT and PCBM offers novelty for its use as an acceptor as well as a donor. In the work presented here, we address the mechanism of modelling and characterization of a BHJ-based polymer solar cell. Here, a new design of BHJ polymer solar cells have been designed, modelled, using Silvaco TCAD in the Organic Solar module, and matched with an already assembled device having similar features. Using this model, we have been able to estimate key parameters for the modelled devices, such as the short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor with less than 0.25 error index compared to the fabricated counterpart, paving the way for fabless polymer solar cell design and optimization

ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACT OF MICROCOS PANICULATA LINN IN MICE

The experiment of methanolic extract of Microcos paniculata leaves showed significant (p<0.001) inhibitor activity against castor oil induced diarrhea and castor oil induced enteropooling in mice at dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. There was also significant (p<0.01) reduction in gastrointestinal motility in the charcoal meal test. Loperamide (5 mg/kg b. wt) was used as positive control. These results revealed that the leaves extract possess pharmacological activity against diarrhea and may possibly explain the use of the plant in traditional medicine

Screening, identification, optimization of fermentation conditions, and extraction of secondary metabolites for the biocontrol of Rhizoctonia Solani AG-3

In this study a strain of Streptomyces sp. was isolated from soil and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. The strain was screened for antibiotics production effective against biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 to cure the target spot disease in tobacco. For enhance production of secondary metabolites, central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in submerged fermentation. The maximum metabolite production was using medium volume of 55 mL in 250 mL flask, agitation speed of 165 rpm, incubation temperature 30 °C, initial medium pH of 6.8 and inoculum size of 7%. Solvent extraction method was used to extract the secondary metabolites and active compounds were purified by silica gel column chromatography. The purified fractions were further investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis showed 48 compounds, among them 12 were active against pathogen. These findings indicated that the strain Streptomyces TA 1123 was a potential antagonist against R. solani AG-3