151,661 research outputs found
Studies of the coefficient of variation of the magnitude of EEG signals
An analysis of the variation in magnitude of EEG signals in various frequency bands of anesthetized patients and normal sleeping volunteers was carried out. The coefficient of variation (CoV), i.e. the standard deviation/mean, within 10 second epochs was found to be quite constant throughout the whole of the EEG recordings and was typically about 0.46. This was found to be the case for both the patients and the volunteers. Histograms of the magnitudes indicated that the magnitudes are distributed as f(x)=ÎČxe(-αx2) functions. However a CoV of 0.46 is consistent with f(x)=ÎČxe(-αx3) functions. The non-stationary nature of the EEG is such that it is likely that while over short periods the EEG magnitudes are distributed as f(x)=ÎČxe(-αx3) functions, variations of α over time mean that in the long term the EEG magnitudes are distributed as f(x)=ÎČxe(-αx2) functions
Triglops dorothy, a new species of sculpin (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae) from the southern Sea of Okhotsk
A new species of the cottid genus Triglops Reinhardt is described on the basis of 21 specimens collected in Aniva Bay, southern Sakhalin Island, Russia, and off Kitami, on the northern coast of Hokkaido, Japan, at depths of 73â117 m. Of the ten species of Triglops now recognized, the new species, Triglops dorothy, is most similar to T. pingeli Reinhardt, well known from the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans and throughout coastal waters of the Arctic. The new species differs from T. pingeli in a combination of morphometric and meristic characters that includes most importantly the number of dorsolateral scales; the number of oblique, scaled dermal folds below the lateral line; and the number of gill rakers
Capital Requirements for the Air Transport Industry
In recent years the U.S. scheduled airline industry has been involved in the largest re-equipment program that involves the addition of hundreds of new aircraft to the airline fleet. The costs associated with the purchase of this new equipment, along with the other costs involving such matters as the environment and security, are presenting the carriers with significant financial challenges
Patent Damage Strategies and the Enterprise License: Constructive Notice, Actual Notice, No Notice
For the patent owner, early provision of patent notice can help maximize recoverable infringement damages during subsequent litigation. This iBrief recognizes a growing trend of infringement suits predicated on patented enterprise software technology, and analyzes application of patent notice principles against industry convention. This iBrief examines the licensing paradigm of enterprise software and questions whether mechanical compliance with the marking statute should qualify as constructive notice. Borrowing from analogous Federal Circuit principles, this iBrief concludes by proposing alternate notice theories that would empower patentees to seek increased remedies consistent with industry reality, case law, and fundamental statutory purpose
Coarse fish in Scotland: a threat or a resource?
This brief article summarizes the ecological role of non-salmonid fishes in Scottish fresh waters. Most government-sponsored research has focused on the ecologically valuable salmonids in this area, yet non-salmonid species are widely distributed in Scotland and play an important ecological role in freshwater ecosystems. The fish fauna of Scotland differs from other parts of the British Isles by being more impoverished following the end of the last Ice Age, ca. 10 000 years ago
Response Functions for a Granular Fluid
The response of an isolated granular fluid to small perturbations of the
hydrodynamic fields is considered. The corresponding linear response functions
are identified in terms of a formal solution to the Liouville equation
including the effects of the cooling reference state. These functions are
evaluated exactly in the asymptotic long wavelength limit and shown to
represent hydrodynamic modes. More generally, the linear granular Navier-Stokes
equations for the response functions and related Langevin equations are
obtained from an extension of Mori's identity. The resulting Green-Kubo
expressions for transport coefficients are compared and contrasted with those
for a molecular fluid. Next the response functions are described in terms of an
effective dynamics in the single particle phase space. A closed linear kinetic
equation is obtained formally in terms of a linear two particle functional.
This closure is evaluated for two examples: a short time Markovian
approximation, and a low density expansion on length and time scales of the
mean free time and mean free path. The former is a generalization of the
revised Enskog kinetic theory to include velocity correlations. The latter is
an extension of the Boltzmann equation to include the effects of recollisions
(rings) among the particles.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of YKIS2009 Frontiers in Nonequilibrium
Physics, Progress in Theoretical Physics supplement 201
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