Improving Carbon and Process Utilization for Biomass-to-Liquid Fuel Operations

With the increasing world demand for transportation fuels, declining petroleum reserves and quest for energy security, there is a renewed interest in Fischer-Tropsch (FT) technology as a viable alternative for the production of liquid fuels from carbonaceous resources (natural gas, coal and biomass). Concern about global warming has also created a special interest in the use of biomass (Biom ass-ToLiquid Fuels, BTL) as a carbon-neutral route to liquid fuels. However, carbon utilization in BTL via traditional biomass gasification is between 25 – 40 % of carbons in the biomass feedstock. This results in poor process economy. Energy input from concentrated solar power (CSP) into BTL can salvage undue large carbon discharge in traditional BTL. The CSP-BTL hybrid not only improves carbon utilization but is also a plausible strategy for solar energy storage

Adsorption Behaviour of [(4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2Hpyran- 3-yl)-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1methyl]-urea on Stainless Steel in Phosphoric Media

The adsorption of [(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-(4-methoxy-phenyl)- methyl]-urea on iron in phosphoric media was studied by using electrochemical technique. The adsorption mechanism was investigated using adsorption isotherms. The experimental data fit localized adsorption models. The values for free energy of adsorption, o DGads , were also calculated at each surface coverage, �, of the studied compound by applying the mathematical model of Bockris – Swinkels adsorption isotherm. The variation of free energy of adsorption o ads DG with surface coverage, �, was interpreted in terms of deviation from ideal condition assumed in Langmuir model. A possible adsorption model of HPU2 molecules on to the metal surface was suggested

Investigating Concrete Steel Rebar Degradation Using Some Selected Inhibitors in Marine and Microbial Media

Potential monitoring investigations were conducted on concrete steel rebar samples premixed with selected inhibitors accompanied by fixed amount of sodium chloride salt and partially immersed in sulphuric acid and sodium chloride solution. Varying concentration of potassium dichromate, potassium chromate and sodium nitrite inhibitors were used individually and synergistically in this study. The potential readings were taken in accordance with ASTM C 876 through the open circuit potential corrosion monitoring technique. Suppressive quality and dependability of the inhibitor was then assessed by the Weibull probability density distribution as an extreme value statistical modeling approach to study performance effectiveness and forecast the most effective inhibitor concentration in each media. Inhibitor effect on the compressive strengths of the reinforced concrete samples was also examined and reported. Results showed that 0.15M potassium chromate inhibitor had the best overall and individual performance in its inhibiting ability in the H2SO4 medium, while 0.68M sodium nitrite admixture was predicted as showing the lowest probability of corrosion risk in NaCl medium. Also, the best synergistic performance was shown by sample admixed with 0.06M K2Cr2O7, 0.15M K2CrO4 and 0.27M NaNO2 partially immersed in the NaCl medium. The compressive strength of concrete sample admixed with 0.03M K2Cr2O7 and 0.10M K2CrO4 was the highest amongst samples admixed with inhibitor in both media, though the control sample partially immersed in the NaCl medium had the highest overall compressive strength value

Notes Toward a Definition of Values-Based Leadership

O’Toole distinguishes values-based leaders from other types of leadership by citing to various examples of both historical and present day leaders. In the end, as O’Toole notes, the values defining the leader are the values that leader holds dear

Apparatus for Dielectric Constant Measurements and Measurements for Water-Methanol Mixtures

A system for measuring dielectric constants has been constructed using a Sargent Oscillometer and an air bath for temperature control. The design and construction of the air bath as well as the temperature control achieved with it are described. The overall performance of the system including a computer program for forming the calculations is described. The system is one that requires calibration using two or more standard solvents and is good for both conducting and non-conducting liquids. Data are presented for water-methanol mixtures at 25 degrees with several points near pure methanol and also near pure wate

Comparative study of microwave assisted and conventional synthesis of novel 2-quinoxalinone-3- hydrazone derivatives and its spectroscopic properties

A series of novel quinoxalin-2(1H)-one-3-hydrazone derivatives, 2a - 8d were synthesized via condensation of 3-hydrazinoquinoxalin-2(1H)-one, 1, with the corresponding ketones under microwave irradiation. The microwave assisted reaction was remarkably successful and gave hydrazones in higher yield at less reaction time compared to conventional heating method. The chemical structures of the compounds prepared were confirmed by analytical and spectral dat

Effects of Some Commercial Enzymes in the Deinking of Newsprint

The trend of industry, in general, today is one of recycling. This is brought about as a means of conserving our dwindling natural resources and to help abate the pollution problem. The design of this paper is to see if enzymes can be used successfully and economically in the deinking process of newsprint. Varying concentrations of enzymes, both an amylase and a protease, and a biodegradable detergent were used in a handsheet study. Temperature and pH were controlled so as to not denature the enzymes. It was found that the brightness increase was only minimal with a protease and brightness actually decreased with an amylase. The physical strength characteristics were also found to decrease with the addition of the enzymes. Therefore, it was concluded that there is very little prospect of enzymes being used in the deinking process to increase brightness or to strengthen the physical properties of newsprint

Mountain Men

This is a piece of fiction about love, drugs, death, and giants in no particular order. Todd and Heather, a young couple a year or two out of college, are camping in the woods and smoking a good deal of weed when the mountain they\u27ve pitched their tent on stands up and begins laying waste to the countryside. While the stoners are trapped on the body of the colossus and forced to work through some relationship issues and possible head trauma, an elderly widower and his dog on the forest floor have their home remodeled by a giant\u27s foot