Las emociones y los movimientos sociales: veinte años de teoría e investigación

The past 20 years have seen an explosion of research and theory into the emotions of protest and social movements. At one extreme, general theoretical statements about emotions have established their importance in every aspect of political action. At the other, the origins and influence of many specific emotions have been isolated as causal mechanisms. This article offers something in between, a typology of emotional processes aimed not only at showing that not all emotions work the same way, but also at encouraging research into how different emotions interact with one another. This should also help us overcome a residual suspicion that emotions are irrational, as well as avoid the overreaction, namely demonstrations that emotions help (and never hurt) protest mobilization and goals.Los últimos veinte años han asistido a un estallido en la investigación y la teoría sobre las emociones en la protesta y los movimientos sociales. Por un lado, algunas afirmaciones teóricas generales destacaron su importancia en diversos aspectos de la acción política; por el otro, se han reconocido los principios e influencia de ciertas emociones específicas como mecanismos causales. Este artículo ofrece algo intermedio: una tipología del proceso emocional orientada no solo mostrar que no todas las emociones funcionan de la misma forma, sino también a incentivar el estudio de cómo ellas interactúan entre sí. Esto debería también ayudar a superar una sospecha subyacente relacionada con que las emociones son irracionales, así como en el otro extremo evitar caer en una reacción exagerada, concretamente: que la manifestación de emociones siempre ayuda (y nunca perjudica) a la movilización y los objetivos de la protesta

Two emerging phenotypes of atypical inclusion body myositis: illustrative cases

OBJECTIVES: Sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most common acquired myopathy in those aged above 50. It is classically heralded by weakness in the long finger flexors and quadriceps. The aim of this article is to describe five atypical cases of IBM, outlining two potential emerging clinical subsets of the disease. METHODS: We reviewed relevant clinical documentation and pertinent investigations for five patients with IBM. RESULTS: The first phenotype we describe is young-onset IBM in two patients who had symptoms since their early thirties. The literature supports that IBM can rarely present in this age range or younger. We describe a second phenotype in three middle-aged women who developed early bilateral facial weakness at presentation in tandem with dysphagia and bulbar impairment followed by respiratory failure requiring non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Within this group, two patients were noted to have macroglossia, another possible rare feature of IBM. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the classical phenotype described within the literature IBM can present in a heterogenous fashion. It is important to recognise IBM in younger patients and investigate for specific associations. The described pattern of facial diplegia, severe dysphagia, bulbar dysfunction and respiratory failure in female IBM patients requires further characterisation. Patients with this clinical pattern may require more complex and supportive management. Macroglossia is a potentially under recognised feature of IBM. The presence of macroglossia in IBM warrants further study, as its presence may lead to unnecessary investigations and delay diagnosis

Microfluidic Microchannel (Size And Shape) for Single Cell Analysis by Numerical Optimization: Lateral Trapping Method

The primary objective of this work is to show simulation outputs from the developed model of cell flow within a microfluidic device. This work is essential because it requires computational models to offer compact sized biomedical equipment that involves microfluidics technology. Microfluidics has become a common technology for life science applications in latest years. The purpose is to learn the effect of various microchannel size and shape with lateral traps for single cell analysis and to arrive at an optimum design based on a simulation study using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Thus in order to develop software model of various microchannels which execute fluid flow in the microelectronic device. This research provides numerical alternatives from finite element analysissimulation using the software COMSOL-Multiphysics to characterize the shape and size of the microchannel initializing the fluid flow. Optimized design analysis and operating conditions for efficient single cell trap is reported

Trade-offs between the natural environment and recreational infrastructure:A case study about peatlands under different management scenarios

The importance of peatlands for conservation and provision of public services has been well evidenced in the last years, especially in relation to their contribution to the net zero carbon emission agenda. However, little is known about the importance of recreation relative to conservation and their trade-offs. In this paper we address this knowledge gap by exploring the trade-offs between natural properties of peatlands and recreational infrastructures for different categories of recreationists (walkers, cyclists, anglers, and birdwatchers) of an open heather moors and peatlands landscape. We do so building on a series of management scenarios formulated through participatory methods and applying choice experiment related to an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and UNESCO Global Geopark in the UK. Results show a high degree of heterogeneity in landscape preferences across different user groups. Recreationists had a higher appreciation for semi-natural habitats compared to pristine or restored peatland (e.g., land rewetting). Walkers and cyclists were more sensitive to changes in the availability of recreational facilities than to environmental quality, while anglers’ and birdwatchers’ preferences were more aligned with values promoted by restoration policies. Overall, our results point to a potential value conflict between benefits generated by conservation and the benefits valued most by some groups of recreationists. To maximise success conflicts like the one revealed here need to be considered in strategies that provide a central role for peatlands in net zero climate mitigation strategies

Concurrent anthropogenic air pollutants enhance recruitment of a specialist parasitoid

Air pollutants—such as nitrogen oxides, emitted in diesel exhaust, and ozone (O3)—disrupt interactions between plants, the insect herbivore pests that feed upon them and natural enemies of those herbivores (e.g. parasitoids). Using eight field-based rings that emit regulated quantities of diesel exhaust and O3, we investigated how both pollutants, individually and in combination, altered the attraction and parasitism rate of a specialist parasitoid (Diaeretiella rapae) on aphid-infested and un-infested Brassica napus plants. Individual effects of O3 decreased D. rapae abundance and emergence by 37% and 55%, respectively, compared with ambient (control) conditions. When O3 and diesel exhaust were emitted concomitantly, D. rapae abundance and emergence increased by 79% and 181%, respectively, relative to control conditions. This attraction response occurred regardless of whether plants were infested with aphids and was associated with an increase in the concentration of aliphatic glucosinolates, especially gluconapin (3-butenyl-glucosinolate), within B. napus leaves. Plant defensive responses and their ability to attract natural aphid enemies may be beneficially impacted by pollution exposure. These results demonstrate the importance of incorporating multiple air pollutants when considering the effects of air pollution on plant–insect interactions