9 research outputs found
Evaluation of the AIDS clinical trials group staging criteria for Kaposi Sarcoma in a resource limited setting
Identifying predictors of increased quantities of human Herpesvirus 8 DNA detection at oropharyngeal and plasma sites among Ugandan adults with and without HIV and Kaposi Sarcoma
Ecological and epidemiological findings associated with zoonotic rabies outbreaks and control in Moshi, Tanzania, 2017â2018
Approximately 1500 people die annually due to rabies in the United Republic of Tanzania.
Moshi, in the Kilimanjaro Region, reported sporadic cases of human rabies between 2017 and 2018.
In response and following a One Health approach, we implemented surveillance, monitoring, as well
as a mass vaccinations of domestic pets concurrently in >150 villages, achieving a 74.5% vaccination
coverage (n = 29, 885 dogs and cats) by September 2018. As of April 2019, no single human or animal
case has been recorded. We have observed a disparity between awareness and knowledge levels
of community members on rabies epidemiology. Self-adherence to protective rabies vaccination in
animals was poor due to the challenges of costs and distances to vaccination centers, among others.
Incidence of dog bites was high and only a fraction (65%) of dog bite victims (humans) received
post-exposure prophylaxis. A high proportion of unvaccinated dogs and cats and the relative intense
interactions with wild dog species at interfaces were the risk factors for seropositivity to rabies virus
infection in dogs. A percentage of the previously vaccinated dogs remained unimmunized and some
unvaccinated dogs were seropositive. Evidence of community engagement and multi-coordinated
implementation of One Health in Moshi serves as an example of best practice in tackling zoonotic
diseases using multi-level government e orts. The district-level establishment of the One Health rapid
response team (OHRRT), implementation of a carefully structured routine vaccination campaign,
improved health education, and the implementation of barriers between domestic animals and
wildlife at the interfaces are necessary to reduce the burden of rabies in Moshi and communities with
similar profiles.The USAID funded projectâOSRO/GLO/507/USA on Global Health Security Agenda for the control of zoonosis in Africa.http://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerpham2020Veterinary Tropical Disease
Mobile cancer prevention and early detection outreach in Uganda: Partnering with communities toward bridging the cancer health disparities through âassetâbased community development modelâ
Abstract Background Communities in lowâincome countries are characterized by limited access to cancer prevention and early detection services, even for the commonest types of cancer. Limited resources for cancer control are one of the contributors to cancer health disparities. We explored the feasibility and benefit of conducting outreaches in partnership with local communities using the âassetâbased community development (ABCD)â model. Methods We analyzed the quarterly Uganda cancer institute (UCI) community outreach cancer health education and screening output reported secondary data without individual identifiers from July 2016 to June 2019 to compare the UCIâhospitalâbased and community outreach cancer awareness and screening services based on the ABCD model. Results From July 2016 to June 2019, we worked with 107 local partners and conducted 151 outreaches. Of the total number of people who attended cancer health education sessions, 201 568 (77.9%) were reached through outreaches. Ninetyâtwo (95%) cancer awareness TVs and radio talkâshows conducted were sponsored by local partners. Of the total people screened; 22 795 (63.0%) cervical, 22 014 (64.4%) breast, and 4904 (38.7%) prostate screening were reached through community outreach model. The screenâpositive rates were higher in hospitalâbased screening except for Prostate screening; cervical, 8.8%, breast, 8.4%, prostate, 7.1% than in outreaches; cervical, 3.2%, breast, 2.2%, prostate, 8.2%. Of the screened positive clients who were eligible for precancer treatment like cryotherapy for treatment of precervical cancer lesions, thousandsâfolds monetary value and productive life saved relative to the market cost of cancer treatment and survival rate in Uganda. When the total number of clients screened for cervical, breast, and prostate cancer are subjected to the incremental cost of specific screening, a greater portion (98.7%) of the outreach cost was absorbed through community partnership. Conclusions Outreaching and working in collaboration with communities as partners through assetâbased community development model are feasible and help in costâsharing and leverage for scarce resources to promote primary prevention and early detection of cancer. This could contribute to bridging the cancer health disparities in the target populations
Where and when to vaccinate? Interdisciplinary design and evaluation of the 2018 Tanzanian anti-rabies campaign
OBJECTIVES : Hoping to improve health-related effectiveness, a two-phase vaccination against rabies was
designed and executed in northern Tanzania in 2018, which included geo-epidemiological and economic
perspectives.
METHODS : Considering the local bio-geography and attempting to rapidly establish a protective ring
around a city at risk, the
first phase intervened on sites surrounding that city, where the population
density was lower than in the city at risk. The second phase vaccinated a rural area.
RESULTS : No rabies-related case has been reported in the vaccinated areas for over a year postimmunisation;
hence, the campaign is viewed as highly cost-effective. Other metrics included: rapid
implementation (concluded in half the time spent on other campaigns) and the estimated cost per
protected life, which was 3.28 times lower than in similar vaccinations.
CONCLUSIONS : The adopted design emphasised local bio-geographical dynamics: it prevented the
occurrence of an epidemic in a city with a higher demographic density than its surrounding area and it
also achieved greater effectiveness than average interventions. These interdisciplinary, policy-oriented
experiences have broad and immediate applications in settings of limited and/or time-sensitive
(expertise, personnel, and time available to intervene) resources and conditions.The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) â OSRO/GLO/507/USA on Global Health Security Agenda for the control of zoonosis in Africa.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijidam2020Nursing ScienceVeterinary Tropical Disease
Ecological and Epidemiological Findings Associated with Zoonotic Rabies Outbreaks and Control in Moshi, Tanzania, 2017â2018
Creating Dependency: Land and Gift-giving Practices in Uganda
President Museveni's re-election in February 2011 demonstrated once more the skills of the Ugandan leader to remain in control ever since he took over power in 1986 heading a guerrilla movement. Some of the campaign themes dealt with land and administration, others with security and the role of the armed forces in bringing back peace to the country. Museveni's populist stance in favour of squatters, in places where user rights are threatened by the progress of individual titling, came out prominently. Actual gifts and many promises of money, land, new districts as well as offers of protection were made during the campaign. These were meant to foster moral indebtedness and political support for the regime and its leader, making it difficult to break off from such an uneven relationship. This paper focuses on the double-edged politics of dependency and protection in Uganda