Threatened and endangered subspecies vulnerability.

<p>Vulnerability of 12 federally threatened and endangered subspecies to sea level rise, habitat fragmentation, altered temperature, and altered precipitation. Sea level rise vulnerability was derived from the percent of habitat inundated under 1 m of sea level rise (Low = 0–25%, Moderate = 26–50%, High = 51–75%, Very high = 76–100%). Vulnerability to habitat fragmentation, altered temperature, and altered precipitation were based on the Standardized Index for Vulnerability and Value Assessment (SIVVA) criteria scores (Neutral = 3, Low = 3–3.75, Moderate = 3.75–4.5, High = 4.5–5.25, Very high = 5.25–6).</p>a<p><i>P. p. audubonii</i> was evaluated to respond positively to altered temperature.</p

Reproduction within taxon-pairs.

<p>Mean litter or clutch size (± SE) for taxon-pairs with a minimum of three independent observations per taxon. For each taxon-pair, bars with different letters are significantly different (shaded bars = threatened and endangered subspecies; white bars = non-listed subspecies; p<0.05). Taxon-pairs are labeled according to the federally listed subspecies: <i>Pcc</i> = <i>Puma concolor coryi</i>, <i>Ppp</i> = <i>Peromyscus polionotus phasma</i>, <i>Asf</i> = <i>Ammodramus savannarum floridanus</i>, <i>Amm</i> = <i>Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis</i>, <i>Ppa</i> = <i>Polyborus plancus audubonii</i>, <i>Rsp</i> = <i>Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus</i>.</p

Home range and dispersal within taxon-pairs.

<p>Mean home range size and dispersal distance (± SE) for taxon-pairs with a minimum of three independent observations per taxon. Taxon-pairs are labeled according to the federally listed subspecies. (<b>A</b>) home range for the <i>Nfs = Neotoma floridana smalli</i> taxon-pair, (<b>B</b>) home range and (<b>C</b>) dispersal distance for the <i>Pcc</i> = <i>Puma concolor coryi</i> taxon-pair. For each taxon-pair x trait combination, bars with different letters are significantly different (shaded bars = threatened and endangered subspecies; white bars = non-listed subspecies; p<0.05).</p

Ecological trait values.

<p>Mean ecological trait values (± SE) in threatened and endangered subspecies (shaded bars) and non-listed subspecies (white bars) for litter or clutch size, home range size, dispersal distance, and annual adult survival. Data were transformed to proportions of the maximum value for each taxon-pair x trait combination. For each trait, bars with different letters are significantly different (p<0.05).</p

Study species.

<p>Study species comprised 12 taxon-pairs, each included a federally threatened or endangered subspecies and a closely related non-listed subspecies in the same parent species group (in some cases, two non-listed subspecies were used for comparison). Scientific nomenclature for listed subspecies followed the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Program <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070647#pone.0070647-US1" target="_blank">[11]</a>; nomenclature for non-listed subspecies followed the Integrated Taxonomic Information System <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070647#pone.0070647-IntegratedTaxonomicInformation1" target="_blank">[27]</a> and supplemental literature when indicated.</p>a<p>The endangered taxon <i>Oryzomys palustris natator</i><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070647#pone.0070647-US1" target="_blank">[11]</a> is also referred to as <i>Oryzomys argentatus</i><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070647#pone.0070647-Indorf1" target="_blank">[66]</a>.</p>b<p>Subspecies taxonomy for <i>O. palustris</i> has undergone several revisions. For this study, we compared the federally endangered population (<i>O</i>. <i>p. natator</i> aka <i>O. argentatus</i>) to two mainland subspecies of <i>O. palustris</i> located in Florida and the southeastern United States. According to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070647#pone.0070647-Indorf1" target="_blank">[66]</a>, <i>O. p. natator</i> is a subspecies that occurs in central Florida; it does not interact with the endangered population.</p>c<p>Subspecies taxonomy for <i>Puma concolor</i> has undergone several revisions. According to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070647#pone.0070647-Hothorn1" target="_blank">[46]</a>, <i>P</i>. <i>c</i>. <i>couguar</i> refers to cougars throughout North America.</p>d<p><i>Polyborus plancus audubonii</i><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070647#pone.0070647-US1" target="_blank">[11]</a> is included as a sub-population of the species <i>Caracara cheriway</i> (northern crested caracara) according to ITIS <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070647#pone.0070647-IntegratedTaxonomicInformation1" target="_blank">[27]</a> nomenclature. We compared the <i>P</i>. <i>p</i>. <i>audubonii</i> population to other non-interacting individuals with the most geographic similarity in the <i>C. cheriway</i> complex.</p

Associations between geographic distance to the coast and vulnerability.

<p>Correlation between geographic distance to the coast (natural log) and (<b>A</b>) the vulnerability module of the Standardized Index for Vulnerability and Value Assessment (SIVVA) (r = −0.842, p<0.001), (<b>B</b>) the proportion of habitat inundated under 1 m of sea level rise (r = −0.675, p<0.001), and (<b>C</b>) vulnerability to habitat fragmentation (r = −0.672, p<0.001). Black circles = threatened and endangered subspecies; white squares = non-listed subspecies.</p