Reference <i>β</i> values expressed in the sRGB color space

<p>Reference <i>β</i> values expressed in the sRGB color space</p

Enlargement of blue boxed region in Fig 2 showing a breast duct with some element of tangential sectioning.

<p>H&E histopathology (left). Virtual transillumination H&E image from MPM (right). Both modalities reproduce the duct structure as well as the surrounding collagen. Scale bar: 75 μm.</p

Schematic diagram of the OpenGL virtual transillumination rendering algorithm.

<p>a) Data flow in the OpenGL algorithm showing pixel data generated by the scan engine and A/D being processed by shaders. Fluorescence data is loaded into GPU RAM as a texture, processed by a shader running on hundreds or thousands of GPU cores and the final result is stored in the frame buffer for display. b) The relationship between vertex and pixel shaders. The vertex shader defines the quad’s position on screen and provides a mapping to the texture coordinates. Gray squares c₁ to c₄ show texture coordinate locations in GPU memory, while the associated vertices v₁ to v₄ are shown in blue. Blue dotted arrows show the association of the texture coordinates to the vertices by the vertex shader. The pixel shader performs the computations according to Beer’s law individually for each displayed pixel. The green grid indicates the pixel grid of the final image, while the green dotted arrows show the transform by a vertex shader which is run for each pixel.</p

Enlargement of green boxed region in Fig 5 showing a cluster of darker staining nuclei.

<p>a) Virtual transillumination Beer’s law method. b) Additive method with nonlinear transfer function. c) Additive method with linear transfer function. Neither additive method has sufficient dynamic range to render both the nuclei (red arrow) and surrounding collagen fiber (blue arrow) accurately because of the strong spectral overlap between eosin and hematoxylin. Scale bar: 50 um.</p

Comparison between histopathology and virtual transillumination H&E image generated by MPM.

<p>a) H&E histopathology image with apocrine metaplasia (green box) and benign breast duct (blue box). b) Corresponding virtual transillumination H&E image. The higher axial resolution of the MPM image better resolves individual collagen fibers as compared to the H&E section, an effect that could be reduced by using a lower NA objective. Due to minor tilting of the histological cutting plane, the left side of the H&E image is slightly deeper than the MPM plane and therefore transects more of the duct on the bottom left. Scale bar: 500 μm.</p

Foveal flow index (FFI) representing the noise analyzed at 30 sec of baseline, stimulation and post-stimulation period.

<p>The FFI of both stimulation and post-stimulation was not significantly different from baseline. Two tailed paired t-tests with Bonferroni correction were used.</p

Time course of parafoveal flow index (PFI) with stimulation turned on and then off.

<p>(A) Plot for individual subjects averaged from two experimental sequences. (B) Relative change from baseline averaged over all subjects. Two tailed paired t-tests with Bonferroni correction were used. * = P<.0042; ** = P<.001. The symmetric error bars in both (A) and (B) represent two standard deviation units in length.</p

Experiment setup of the pattern stimulation apparatus mounted behind the OCT scan head.

<p>Size of the region (size of the checkerboard square size) was shown beside the pattern stimulation. NDF, Neutral density filter; DM, Dichroic mirror; OL, Objective lens.</p

Procedural flow chart for quantification of parafoveal blood flow.

<p>(A) Separation of retinal flow from choroidal flow using the RPE plane (dashed line) as the dividing boundary. (B) Retinal flow projected in an <i>en face</i> projection of maximum decorrelation. (C) Mask defining the region of the parafoveal retina. (D) Isolated parafoveal retinal flow following overlay of mask on the <i>en face</i> angiogram.</p

False color representation of <i>en face</i> retinal angiograms captured during the course of the experiment.

<p>Increased flow (warmer color - higher decorrelation values) was seen in the angiogram captured 30 seconds after the visual stimulation was turned on (middle) compared to baseline (left). The angiogram captured 30 seconds after stimulation was turned off (right) did not appear different from baseline.</p