The effects of licence disqualification on drink-drivers: Is it the same for everyone?

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd Drink-driving remains a major road safety concern that creates a significant social burden. Licence disqualification continues to play a key role in drink driving deterrence and sanctions together with police enforcement to address the problem in most motorised countries. However, on-going questions remain regarding the differing effect of licence disqualification periods between first time and repeat offenders, and between other sub-groups of offenders. As a result, this study aimed to determine whether: (a) differences exist in re-offence rates of convicted drink-drivers between: the period between committing the drink-driving offence and licence disqualification (pre-licence disqualification), during the period of licence disqualification, and after being re-licensed (post-licence restoration); and (b) differential effects of offence rates are evident based on Blood Alcohol Content (BAC), gender, age, repeat offender status and crash involvement at the time of offence. The sample consisted of 29,204 drink-driving offenders detected in Victoria, Australia between 1 January 1996 and 30 September 2002. The analysis indicated that licence disqualifications were effective as drink-driving offenders had a significantly lower rate of offending (both drink-driving and other traffic offences) during licence disqualifications compared to pre-licence disqualification and post-licence restoration periods. The influence of licence disqualification appeared to extend beyond the disqualification period, as offence rates were lower during post-licence restoration than during pre-licence disqualification. Interestingly, the highest rate of offending (both for drink-driving and other traffic offences) was during the pre-licence disqualification period, which suggests offenders are particularly vulnerable to drink and drive while waiting to be sanctioned. A consistent pattern of results was evident across genders and age groups. Additionally, those who were involved in a crash at the same time as their index offence had lower offence rates (compared to those who were not involved in a crash) for all periods, although for general traffic offences, the offence rate was highest in the post-licence restoration period for those who had a crash at index offence. This indicates that being involved in a crash may deter these offenders, at least in the short-term. The implications of the results for managing both first time and repeat offenders are discussed

sj-docx-1-cjb-10.1177_00938548241240064 – Supplemental material for Finding the Police Before the Police Find Them? Investigating How and Why Motorists Use Facebook for Knowledge of Roadside Drug Testing Locations

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-cjb-10.1177_00938548241240064 for Finding the Police Before the Police Find Them? Investigating How and Why Motorists Use Facebook for Knowledge of Roadside Drug Testing Locations by Laura Mills, James Freeman and Verity Truelove in Criminal Justice and Behavior</p

Characteristics of a Relational Child and Youth Care Approach Revisited

Relational Child and Youth Care is articulated through twenty-five characteristics which are organized in a three-part framework of ways of being, interpreting, and doing. These characteristics seek to express Child and Youth Care practice in the life-space and in the moment of interaction between the practitioner and the young person, family, or community. This revision comes after nearly fifteen years from the first expression of the characteristics and is based on extensive feedback and observations from around the world. It includes a focus on inclusive practice related to culture, race, trauma, and other historic contexts important to the Child and Youth Care field.</p

Study characteristics & key findings.

Study characteristics & key findings.</p

Search strategy for all databases.

(DOCX)</p

PRISMA checklist.

(DOC)</p

Search strategy and PRISMA flow diagram.

Search strategy and PRISMA flow diagram.</p

Data from archival road safety studies showing moderating variables and sample characteristics.

<p>Data from archival road safety studies showing moderating variables and sample characteristics.</p

Means of variables of interest.

<p>Means of variables of interest.</p

Results of meta-regressions with moderators (random models).

<p>Shown are the number of effects included (k), the moderators which added significantly to the model (p < .1), apart from the source of data, and the statistics for the model.</p