Flow of participants through each stage of the trial.

<p>^a WALK  =  walking to 65–75% of heart rate max, AIT  =  aerobic interval training to a 85–95% of heart rate max MVIT  =  Maximal volitional intensity training (‘all out’ exercise). ^b Participant unable to undertake exit VO₂max because of injury unrelated to the study. ^c Four participants did not undertake exit VO₂max: Exercise related injury n = 1, chest infection n = 2, participant exited early as dissatisfied with exercise program n = 1.</p

Changes (post minus pre) in primary and secondary outcome measures and comparison between low intensity exercise and high intensity interval and maximal volitional intensity training.

<p>Values are means (SD).</p><p>^a WALK  =  low intensity walking, AIT  =  aerobic interval training, MVIT  =  maximal volitional intensity training.</p><p>^b Per protocol population WALK n = 14, AIT n = 9, MVIT n = 9.</p><p>^c Intention to treat population WALK n = 17, AIT n = 16, MVIT n = 16.</p

Primary and secondary outcomes and other relevant parameters before and after the 12 week exercise program, by group.

<p>Values are means (SD).</p><p>^a Per-protocol population WALK n = 14, AIT n = 9, MVIT n = 9.</p><p>^b Intention to treat population WALK n = 17, AIT n = 16, MVIT n = 16.</p><p>^c An increase in SF36 score indicates improved quality of life.</p

Schematic representation of the three exercise prescriptions allocated 1:1∶1 at randomisation.

<p>^§ Number of repetitions in MVIT group increased over twelve weeks, as participant's fitness levels improved. WALK  =  walking, AIT  =  aerobic interval training, MVIT  =  maximal volitional intensity training.</p

Primary and secondary outcomes and other relevant parameters before and after the 12 week exercise program for the entire cohort.

<p>Values are means (SD). Intention to treat population N = 49; WALK n = 17, AIT n = 16, MVIT n = 16. Per-protocol population N = 32; WALK n = 14, AIT n = 9, MVIT n = 9.</p><p>^a An increase in SF36 score indicates improved quality of life.</p

Description of researchers' primary role in trial conduct and mechanisms for blinding.

<p>Description of researchers' primary role in trial conduct and mechanisms for blinding.</p

Baseline characteristics for the entire cohort and the subgroup completing the exercise protocol.

<p>^a WALK  =  Low intensity walking, AIT  =  Aerobic interval training, MVIT  =  Maximal volitional intensity training.</p><p>^b ITT (intention to treat) includes all 49 randomized participants, PP (per protocol) includes the 32 participants who completed >70% of their exercise prescription (see text for more detail).</p><p>^c A positive response indicates possible health problems, with the recommendation that a medical screen is undertaken prior to increased physical activity.</p

Changes in V0₂ max and time per week exercising, by treatment group.

<p>Intention-to-treat analysis thus data on exercise time includes data from ‘non-adheres’, unable or unwilling to complete the exercise prescription. Data are means and standard errors estimated from the general linear model.</p