Staging Sex or Fighting Foreignness? Marlowe\u27s Edward II as Xenophobic Drama

Christopher Marlowe’s drama Edward II has long been known for its representation of a close male, arguably homosexual, friendship between King Edward II and his favorite, the French Piers Gaveston, as well as their union’s negative effects on the court. Indeed much criticism exists on the common belief that the characters’ relationship is problematic in early modern England both because the two characters are male and because there is an obvious class divide. However, critics have seemed to overlook Gaveston’s being French, even in light of the massive immigration to England during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. This paper examines Marlowe’s play as a xenophobic portrayal of a Frenchman and as a shrewdly reactionary push against immigrants from Catholic nations. To achieve this goal, Marlowe stages a play whose dealings are as political as they are sexual. Starting with Gaveston’s undue sense of power in the first act and ending with the king’s historically gruesome death-by-poker scene, Edward II leaves its audience aware that a life dedicated to a foreigner ultimately ends in death from a foreigner

A note on Sverdrup balance in the Southern Ocean

Three sets of recent data from the Southern Ocean, on mass transport through the Drake Passage (Whitworth et al., 1982), on surface winds (Jenne et al., 1971; Han and Lee, 1981) and on density (Gordon et al., 1978) allow an instructive look at the dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. These new data suggest that the simple Sverdrup balance of wind stress curl driving a poleward flow south of about 50S as first proposed by Stommel (1957) is consistent with the observed transport within experimental uncertainties...

The use of Moire fringes in laboratory oceanography

The purpose of this note is to present a sketch of the inexpensive Moire fringe technique, which provides a quick and easy visualization of concentration gradients and which can be used for quantitative measurements…

De Novo Pudendal Neuropathy After TOT-O Surgery for Stress Urinary Incontinence

Complications from needle placement and exit during a TOT procedure exist and must be considered when placing the needle through the area of the obturator fossa

Evaluation of Methods for Diagnosing Contamination in Rural Wells

Three diagnostic procedures were tested to determine their potential usefulness in identifying faulty rural wells: (1) monitoring wells were constructed at three depths near each of three rural wells having a history of nitratenitrogen and/or herbicide contamination, and all wells were sampled daily for four weeks and tested for nitrate-nitrogen, atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, and chloride; (2) a chloride tracer solution was ponded around each of the water supply wells, and the shallowest monitoring well at each test site, for a period of 8 h during which the wells were continuously pumped and sampled for the tracer; and (3) nitrate-nitrogen and herbicide samples were collected from the water supply wells during the 8-h pumping period to observe contaminant variability during periods of continuous drawdown. Daily sampling revealed little temporal variability in the quality of water from the monitoring wells or the contaminated water supply wells. The monitoring wells, though limited in number, identified significant contaminant stratification within the shallow glacial drift aquifers supplying the water supply wells, and identified one water supply well that was producing water with much poorer quality than the shallow aquifer was capable of producing. The chloride tracer test was successful in distinguishing contaminant entry via preferential flow from that occurring through matrix flow in two of the case study wells, but proved ineffective on a third well where monitoring well data strongly suggested casing leakage. Nitrate-nitrogen and herbicide data showed little variability during the 8-h period of continuous well drawdown

Two Quality Assurance Measures for Pesticide Analysis of Wellwater: Degradation in Storage and GC/ELISA Comparison

At the request of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) project coordinators, two special quality assurance components were included in a study of herbicides in rural wells in Iowa. Since the study involved daily sampling of 88 rural wells for a period of four to five weeks, it was anticipated that samples would be in refrigerated storage for up to eight weeks during which microbial and chemical activity could lead to analyte loss. The sample degradation study reported here was conducted to insure that water samples containing three herbicides (atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor) did not undergo excessive losses during storage. Results indicate no reduction in pesticide concentrations in six refrigerated water samples analyzed weekly during an eight-week storage period

A General Formula for Black Hole Gravitational Wave Kicks

Although the gravitational wave kick velocity in the orbital plane of coalescing black holes has been understood for some time, apparently conflicting formulae have been proposed for the dominant out-of-plane kick, each a good fit to different data sets. This is important to resolve because it is only the out-of-plane kicks that can reach more than 500 km/s and can thus eject merged remnants from galaxies. Using a different ansatz for the out-of-plane kick, we show that we can fit almost all existing data to better than 5 %. This is good enough for any astrophysical calculation, and shows that the previous apparent conflict was only because the two data sets explored different aspects of the kick parameter space.Comment: 14 pages