Kaplan-Meier curve of probability of AR in maternal constipation and maternal non-constipation groups.

Kaplan-Meier curve of probability of AR in maternal constipation and maternal non-constipation groups.</p

Follow up period duration and time to AR onset.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common atopic disease worldwide, and it was found that babies with constipation in their early life might have an increased risk of atopic diseases, including AR. Furthermore, recent studies also indicate that the maternal gut microbiota may influence babies. Thus, we extended the definition of early life in utero and evaluated the association between maternal constipation and the risk of AR in their babies. Using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, a subset of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 102,820 constipated mothers and 102,820 matched controls between 2005 and 2015. Propensity score analysis was used to match birth year, child sex, birth weight, gestational age, mode of delivery, maternal comorbidities, and children antibiotics taken. Multiple Cox regression and subgroup analyzes were conducted to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio of childhood AR. The incidence of childhood AR was 83.47 per 1,000 person-years in constipated mothers. Adjusting children’s sex, birth weight, gestational age, mode of delivery, maternal comorbidities, and children antibiotic use, the results showed that the children whose mothers had constipation had a 1.20-fold risk of AR compared to children of mothers without constipation. Maternal constipation was associated with an increased risk of AR. Therefore, it is important to pay close attention to pregnant mothers with constipation.</div

Cox proportional hazard model analysis for risk of AR in laxatives frequency.

Cox proportional hazard model analysis for risk of AR in laxatives frequency.</p

Study flow chart.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common atopic disease worldwide, and it was found that babies with constipation in their early life might have an increased risk of atopic diseases, including AR. Furthermore, recent studies also indicate that the maternal gut microbiota may influence babies. Thus, we extended the definition of early life in utero and evaluated the association between maternal constipation and the risk of AR in their babies. Using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, a subset of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 102,820 constipated mothers and 102,820 matched controls between 2005 and 2015. Propensity score analysis was used to match birth year, child sex, birth weight, gestational age, mode of delivery, maternal comorbidities, and children antibiotics taken. Multiple Cox regression and subgroup analyzes were conducted to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio of childhood AR. The incidence of childhood AR was 83.47 per 1,000 person-years in constipated mothers. Adjusting children’s sex, birth weight, gestational age, mode of delivery, maternal comorbidities, and children antibiotic use, the results showed that the children whose mothers had constipation had a 1.20-fold risk of AR compared to children of mothers without constipation. Maternal constipation was associated with an increased risk of AR. Therefore, it is important to pay close attention to pregnant mothers with constipation.</div

STROBE statement—checklist of items that should be included in reports of observational studies.

STROBE statement—checklist of items that should be included in reports of observational studies.</p

Cox proportional hazard model analysis for risk of allergic rhinitis in offspring.

Cox proportional hazard model analysis for risk of allergic rhinitis in offspring.</p

Poisson regression in incidence of allergic rhinitis.

Poisson regression in incidence of allergic rhinitis.</p

Demographic characteristics of maternal constipation group and non-constipation group.

Demographic characteristics of maternal constipation group and non-constipation group.</p

Subgroup analysis of the association between maternal constipation and development of AR in offspring.

Subgroup analysis of the association between maternal constipation and development of AR in offspring.</p

sj-tiff-1-jad-10.1177_10870547221120695 – Supplemental material for Epidemiological Study of Parental Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Subsequent Risk of ADHD in Their Children: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Supplemental material, sj-tiff-1-jad-10.1177_10870547221120695 for Epidemiological Study of Parental Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Subsequent Risk of ADHD in Their Children: A Nationwide Population-Based Study by Iwen Chen, Jing-Yang Huang, Renin Chang, Yao-Min Hung and James Cheng-Chung Wei in Journal of Attention Disorders</p