Congruences modulo prime powers of Hecke eigenvalues in level 11

We continue the study of strong, weak, and $dc$-weak eigenforms introduced by Chen, Kiming, and Wiese. We completely determine all systems of Hecke eigenvalues of level $1$ modulo $128$, showing there are finitely many. This extends results of Hatada and can be considered as evidence for the more general conjecture formulated by the author together with Kiming and Wiese on finiteness of systems of Hecke eigenvalues modulo prime powers at any fixed level. We also discuss the finiteness of systems of Hecke eigenvalues of level $1$ modulo $9$, reducing the question to the finiteness of a single eigenvalue. Furthermore, we answer the question of comparing weak and $dc$-weak eigenforms and provide the first known examples of non-weak $dc$-weak eigenforms.Comment: 28 pages; Minor revisio

Iodide as an Activating Agent for Acid Chlorides in Acylation Reactions

Acid chlorides can be activated using a simple iodide source to undergo nucleophilic attack from a variety of relatively weak nucleophiles. These include Friedel–Crafts acylation of <i>N</i>-methylpyrroles, <i>N</i>-acylation of sulfonamides, and acylation reactions of hindered phenol derivatives. The reaction is believed to proceed through a transient acid iodide intermediate

Metabolism of the 4‑Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitor, Mesotrione, in Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)

Metabolic resistance to the maize-selective, HPPD-inhibiting herbicide, mesotrione, occurs via Phase I ring hydroxylation in resistant waterhemp and Palmer amaranth; however, mesotrione detoxification pathways post-Phase I are unknown. This research aims to (1) evaluate Palmer amaranth populations for mesotrione resistance via survivorship, foliar injury, and aboveground biomass, (2) determine mesotrione metabolism rates in Palmer amaranth populations during a time course, and (3) identify mesotrione metabolites including and beyond Phase I oxidation. The Palmer amaranth populations, SYNR1 and SYNR2, exhibited higher survival rates (100%), aboveground biomass (c.a. 50%), and lower injury (25–30%) following mesotrione treatment than other populations studied. These two populations also metabolized mesotrione 2-fold faster than sensitive populations, PPI1 and PPI2, and rapidly formed 4-OH-mesotrione. Additionally, SYNR1 and SYNR2 formed 5-OH-mesotrione, which is not produced in high abundance in waterhemp or naturally tolerant maize. Metabolite features derived from 4/5-OH-mesotrione and potential Phase II mesotrione-conjugates were detected and characterized by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS)

Ligand-Promoted C3-Selective Arylation of Pyridines with Pd Catalysts: Gram-Scale Synthesis of (±)-Preclamol

The first example of Pd-catalyzed, C3-selective arylation of unprotected pyridines has been developed by employing a catalytic system consisting of Pd(OAc)₂ and 1,10-phenanthroline. This protocol provides an expeditious route to an important class of 3-arylpyridines and 3-arylpiperidines frequently found in bioactive compounds. A brief synthesis of the drug molecule (±)-preclamol is also reported

Scatter plot of the HPPD gene copy number and expression levels per SEN and NEB plant analysed relative to bulked control samples (BT: before treatment; 2 DAT: 2 days after treatment).

<p>Scatter plot of the HPPD gene copy number and expression levels per SEN and NEB plant analysed relative to bulked control samples (BT: before treatment; 2 DAT: 2 days after treatment).</p

Average HPPD gene copy number and expression relative to ALS and CPS genes for the SEN and NEB populations.

<p>Average HPPD gene copy number and expression relative to ALS and CPS genes for the SEN and NEB populations.</p

Typical HPLC chromatogram showing mesotrione and its major metabolite 4-hydroxymesotrione in the SEN and NEB populations (72 hours after treatment).

<p>Typical HPLC chromatogram showing mesotrione and its major metabolite 4-hydroxymesotrione in the SEN and NEB populations (72 hours after treatment).</p

DataSheet_1_Balancing conflict and opportunity - spatial planning of shellfish and macroalgae culture systems in a heavily trafficked maritime port.pdf

Ocean-based industries like shipping, aquaculture, and wind energy are growing at an unprecedented rate resulting in challenges related to siting and environmental management. As marine aquaculture and other ocean-based industries continue to expand, robust marine spatial planning analyses that reconcile existing ocean uses and integrate pertinent environmental and planning data are critical for identifying compatible locations. In this study, a series of geospatial analyses were used for aquaculture siting within and around a heavily trafficked and highly utilized maritime port in the San Diego Bay area of California, USA. Using a centralized geodatabase representing key aquaculture planning spatial datasets, recommendations for specific areas for aquaculture were developed based on appropriate environmental conditions for candidate shellfish and algae aquaculture species culture systems. Areas that were known constraints were first identified to determine potentially usable areas for shellfish and macroalgae (i.e., seaweed) aquaculture using an exclusion analysis, a type of multi-criteria decision analysis, to eliminate all areas without compatibility. Within the remaining usable area, we further considered shellfish and macroalgae culture system-specific factors within a ‘culture systems analysis’ to determine where different culture systems have potential for success. This analysis provides a foundation of coastal intelligence for guiding the aquaculture industry and natural resource managers towards appropriate siting decisions. This study can serve as a replicable example of aquaculture spatial planning approaches for siting sustainable aquaculture and other blue economy industries.</p

Means and 95% confidence limits for mesotrione and metabolites as % of uptake as measured by LCMS.

<p>Means and 95% confidence limits for mesotrione and metabolites as % of uptake as measured by LCMS.</p

Means and 95% confidence limits for radiochemical as % of absorbed in the standard sensitive (SEN) and mesotrione resistant population (NEB).

<p>Means and 95% confidence limits for radiochemical as % of absorbed in the standard sensitive (SEN) and mesotrione resistant population (NEB).</p