Construction of a Penrose Diagram for a Spatially Coherent Evaporating Black Hole

A Penrose diagram is constructed for an example black hole that evaporates at a steady rate as measured by a distant observer, until the mass vanishes, yielding a final state Minkowski space-time. Coordinate dependencies of significant features, such as the horizon and coordinate anomalies, are clearly demonstrated on the diagram. The large-scale causal structure of the space-time is briefly discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Unimodular graded Poisson Hopf algebras

Let $A$ be a Poisson Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. If $A$ is finitely generated and connected graded as an algebra and its Poisson bracket is homogeneous of degree $d \geq 0$, then $A$ is unimodular; that is, the modular derivation of $A$ is zero. This is a Poisson analogue of a recent result concerning Hopf algebras which are connected graded as algebras.Comment: 14 pages; preliminary version, comments welcom

Developmental changes in foraging-predator avoidance trade-offs in larval lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus

The 5-12 wk old larvae increased time spent clinging to a surface in the presence of a predator, trading-off time available for foraging in order to reduce the probability of attack. Overall, fewer fish fed in the presence of a predator, and of the fish that did feed, 12 wk old lumpfish also showed a significant decrease in feeding rate (bites per minute swimming) in the presence of a predator. -from Author

Sport Tourists in a Gaming Destination: Predicting Gaming and Non-Gaming Expenditures

Sport tourism is the fastest growing segment of the tourism industry. Although there are a number of benefits to cities as a result of sport tourism, the most desired aspect of hosting contests is economic impact. This study examined the gaming and non-gaming impact of six major sporting events held in Las Vegas over a ten-year period. The results indicate that length of stay is a significant contributor to economic impact and that sport tourism has an important role to play in the economy of Las Vegas

Force transmission across a core-sheath interface in peripheral nerves [poster presentation]

No abstract - poster presentation

Phonographic neighbors, not orthographic neighbors, determine word naming latencies

The orthographic neighborhood size (N) of a word—the number of words that can be formed from that word by replacing one letter with another in its place—has been found to have facilitatory effects in word naming. The orthographic neighborhood hypothesis attributes this facilitation to interactive effects. A phonographic neighborhood hypothesis, in contrast, attributes the effect to lexical print-sound conversion. According to the phonographic neighborhood hypothesis, phonographic neighbors (words differing in one letter and one phoneme, e.g., stove and stone) should facilitate naming, and other orthographic neighbors (e.g., stove and shove) should not. The predictions of these two hypotheses are tested. Unique facilitatory phonographic N effects were found in four sets of word naming mega-study data, along with an absence of facilitatory orthographic N effects. These results implicate print-sound conversion—based on consistent phonology—in neighborhood effects rather than word-letter feedback

Modeling lexical decision : the form of frequency and diversity effects

What is the root cause of word frequency effects on lexical decision times? W. S. Murray and K. I. Forster (2004) argued that such effects are linear in rank frequency, consistent with a serial search model of lexical access. In this article, the authors (a) describe a method of testing models of such effects that takes into account the possibility of parametric overfitting; (b) illustrate the effect of corpus choice on estimates of rank frequency; (c) give derivations of nine functional forms as predictions of models of lexical decision; (d) detail the assessment of these models and the rank model against existing data regarding the functional form of frequency effects; and (e) report further assessments using contextual diversity, a factor confounded with word frequency. The relationship between the occurrence distribution of words and lexical decision latencies to those words does not appear compatible with the rank hypothesis, undermining the case for serial search models of lexical access. Three transformations of contextual diversity based on extensions of instance models do, however, remain as plausible explanations of the effect