The Effectiveness of Low Intensity Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Li-Cbt) On Reducing Symptoms of Depression in Arab Clients

This study examines whether an awareness of LI-CBT skills would result into the reduction of symptoms of depression in Arab clients. The study exclusively applies two techniques, behavioral activation (BA) and cognitive restructuring (CR), to clients of varying levels of depression residing in the United Arab Emirates. Utilizing a pre-test-post-test design, 50 participants (25treatment and 25control) were included in the analyses of the study and level of depression was measured using the PHQ-9. Results indicate that 76 percent of participants in the treatment group showed improvement in their level of depression, when compared to 30.4 percent of participants in the control group. Findings suggest that Li-CBT may be a plausible intervention for tackling depression among Arab clients

The Extent of Principals’ Application of the Transformational Leadership and its Relationship to the Level of Job Satisfaction among Teachers of Galilee Region

The current study aimed to identify the degree of applying the transformational leadership in school administration (among principals), the level of job satisfaction among teachers, and investigate the relationship to each other. The sample consisted of (182) teachers, who were randomly selected from teachers of Galilee region inside the Green Line for the academic year 2015/2016. Two questionnaires utilized in this study after validity and reliability verified: the first is the questionnaire of practicing the transformational leadership and the second is job satisfaction questionnaire. The results showed that the degree of applying the transformational leadership in school administration ​​among teachers of Galilee is very high, and that the degree of job satisfaction among teachers is also very high, and the results showed no differences in the level of applying the transformational leadership and the level of job satisfaction due to gender, academic qualification, years of experience and level of school. The results showed statistically significant positive relationship between the application of transformational leadership and job satisfaction. The study recommended the need to maintain the high level of applying the transformational leadership among principals through providing them with training courses, seminars and lectures on style of transformational leadership, its fields and its impact on the development and evolution of teaching-learning process. Keywords: School administration, transformational leadership, job satisfaction, Galilee region

Determination of essential and trace elements in various vegetables using ICP-MS

المحتويات المعدنية في الخضراوات مثيرة للاهتمام بسبب المشكلات المتعلقة بسلامة الأغذية والمخاطر الصحية ‏المحتملة.. توفير هذه المعادن في جسم الإنسان قد يؤدي العديد من الوظائف البيوكيميائية ‏وبعضها مرتبط بأمراض مختلفة عند ‏مستويات عالية. الدراسة الحالية استهدفت إلى ايجاد تركيز المعادن المختلفة في الخضروات المحلية الشائعة المستهلكة ‏باستخدام مطياف كتلة البلازما المقترنة بالحث ICP-MS. اظهرت الدراسة الحالية أن تراكيز المعادن في خضراوات الطرخون، ورق الغار، الباي، والشبت، والمسكيت السوري، وورق العنب، والزعتر، والجرجير، والريحان، والرجلة الشائعة، والبقدونس كان يتراوح في حدود ل ‏10-778 مع Al، لـ 333-10 معB ، لـ 4-1194 معBa ، لـ 24645-2812 مع Ca ، لـ 0.1-0.32 مع Co، لـ 201-464 مع Fe، لـ 3661-46400 مع K، لـ1.53-0.31  مع Li ، لـ 860-14330 مع  Mg، لـ 16.20-71.5 مع Mn، لـ 612-4725 مع Na، لـ 15.8-46 مع Zn ميكروغرام\ غرام. أظهرت النتائج أن تركيز Al، B باستثناء المسكيت السوري،Ba ، Ca،Fe ،K ،Mg ، Mn في جميع الخضروات التي تم تحليلها أعلى من القيمة الموصى بها، Li في حدود الحد الآمن وCo ، Na باستثناء الشبت والجرجير والرجلة الشائعة، والزنك أقل من المدخول الموصى به من هذه العناصر. من وجهة النظر الصحية، تم استخدام المقدار اليومي المقدر(‏EDI‏)، وحاصل المخاطر(‏HQ‏) ومؤشر ‏المخاطر(‏HI‏) من المعادن الثقيلة لتقدير تقييم المخاطر الصحية المرتبطة باستهلاك هذه الخضروات كانت قيم HQ لـ Al و Fe (لجميع الخضروات) و Ba (في الشبت وأوراق العنب والزعتر والجرجير والريحان والرجلة الشائعة والبقدونس) أعلى من واحد، مما يشير إلى احتمالية التعرض  الخطرالصحى غير سرطانية بسبب التعرض لهذه المعادن. علاوة على ذلك ، كانت قيمة HI لجميع الخضروات أعلى من واحد، مما يشير إلى مخاطر صحية غير سرطانية محتملة بسبب التعرض الطويل الأمد لهذه المعادن.Metal contents in vegetables are interesting because of issues related to food safety and ‎potential health risks. The availability of these metals in the human body ‎may perform many biochemical functions and some of them linked with various diseases at ‎high levels. The current study aimed to evaluate the concentration of various metals in ‎common local consumed vegetables using ICP-MS. The concentrations of metals in vegetables ‎of tarragon, Bay laurel, dill, Syrian mesquite, vine leaves, thymes, arugula, basil, common ‎purslane and parsley of this study were found to be in the range of, 76-778 for Al, 10-333 for B, 4-119 for ‎Ba, ‎2812‎-24645 for Ca, 0.1-0.32 for Co, 201-464 for Fe, 3661-46400 for K, 0.31–‎‎1.53 for Li, 860-14330 for Mg, 16.20-71.5 for Mn, 612-4725 for Na and 15.8-46 µg ‎g-1 for Zn. The results revealed that the concentration of Al, B except in Syrian mesquite, Ba, Ca, ‎Fe, K, Mg and Mn in all analysed vegetables is higher than the recommended value, Li is ‎well-within the safe limit, and Co, Na except in dill, arugula and common purslane, Zn are ‎lower than the recommended intake of these elements. From health point of view, the HQ values for Al, Fe ‎‎(for all vegetables) and Ba (in dill, vine leaves, thymes, arugula, basil, common ‎‎purslane and ‎parsley) were higher than one, indicating potential non-cancer health risk due to exposure to ‎these metals. Furthermore, the HI value for all vegetables was higher than one, indicating ‎potential non-cancer health risk due to long-term exposure to these metals