A study to develop in vivo determination of platelet activation markers by flow cytometer

Abstract Introduction. Pre-menopausal women have lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared to post menopausal women which is more age dependent in women than in men. Increased and disturbed platelet activation plays a major role in the pathophysiology of thrombosis and has been noted in different thrombotic disorders. Temporal association between cardiovascular disease and increased platelet activation is well established. The role of platelet activation needs to be evaluated in this population. Methods. Evaluation of Platelet activation markers was done in 49 post-menopausal (56.16 ± 0.83 years; mean± SEM) and 42 pre menopausal women (39.38years ± 1.09). Subjects were recnuted after informed verbal consent. The technique used for in vivo evaluation. of platelet Activation Markers by Flow cytometer using 3-color analysis (CD61 PerCP, CD62P and PACI) was previously developed and optimized. Blood· samples were drawn in a standardized manner to minimize in vitro activation of platelets. Samples were processed and analyzed in duplicate. Results. There was a significant increase in CD62P in post-menopausal women as compared to the control (pre-menopausal) group (7.28 ± 1.63 vs 0.8887 ± 0.1922; mean± SEM, p=O.OOI). Similarly PACI were significantly increased in post-menopausal group (29.45 ± 3.04 ·vs 5.22 ± 0.710; p<O.OOI). However there was no significant correlation between CD62P or PACl markers wit1Ls_ellll1L.1riglycerides,_:_estradiol-and-bod.Y-tnas~---- index in both groups. ·- Conclusion. ~latelet Activation markers CD62P and PACI are increased in postmenopausal women as compared to premenopausal women. These results may suggest a role in high incidence of cardiovascular disease in this group

Leadership style head of polytechnic department and regard with to work culture

This study aims to look at the leadership style of the heads of departments in technical education and its relationship to the work culture among lecturers Polytechnic Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah in Jitra, Kedah. This research is very important to the head of polytechnic and lecture to work in the good condition with the good leadership. This study specifically for identifying leadership style of department heads and identifying cultural favourite work by guest lecturers by lecturers own. In addition, this study also aims to identify whether there is a significant relationship between leadership style and work culture based on the view lecturers in polytechnics. This study used a survey method through questionnaires investigator. Measuring tool -LEADER Behaviour Description Questionnaireǁ (LBDQ) used to measure the leadership style of the heads of departments and task-oriented dimension oriented human relations. Measuring tools work culture lecturers used to measure the kind of work culture in polytechnics favoured by both the dimensions of leadership style. Respondents were lecturer’s population a total of 290 people in four departments in polytechnic master. Data processing involves statistics a descriptive measurement frequency, mean, standard deviation and also percentage. Data processed using inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA and t-Test. The study found that leadership style department heads on evaluation lecturers are high on both dimensions of the oriented dimension task-oriented and dimension of human relationships. But leadership style human relations-oriented leadership style is the key department heads polytechnics. The study also found that corporate culture is a culture of bureaucratic work favoured by lecturers in polytechnics

HbE dan diabetis melitus lapuran akhir projek jangka

Glycated hemoglobins (HbAiiHbAic) serves as an indicator of diabetic control and hence the effectiveness of treatment. Studies on the methods available have shown that factors such as hemoglobin concentration and the presence of high lipid in the blood may affect the validity of the results. Atypical hemoglobins such as HbS and HbC have also been shown to affect the determination of glycated hemoglobins. However no study has been done on the effect of HbE , the hemoglobin variant that is present in the South East Asian population. Thus this study was unde~ to determine the effect of HbE on fu~ - determination ofHbAI/HbAlc by 4 commercial kits and also to determine its prevalence among diabetic subjects in Kelantan. Blood was taken from 58 normal subjects (23 males and 35 females) and 63 HbE (31 males and 32 females) heterozygous subjects. All subjects ,bad no history of diabetes mellitus. They had random blood glucose values < 7.8 mmolll and hemoglobin (hb) values between 7 to 24 g/dl. The EDTA plasma collected were tested for HbAI and HbAlc using 4 commercial kits i.e. Eagles Diagnostics, Boehringer Mannheim (BM), Diastat and Ames DCA 2000. The tests were done within one week and samples were stored at 4 oc before analysis. Results showed that the mean± s.d HbAI levels in normal vs HbE heterozygous subjects using Eagles Diagnostics, Boehringer Mannheim and Diastat kits were 6.9 ± 1.1% vs 9.5± 3.9%; 7.1 ± 1.2% vs 14.8 ± 9.3% and 8.3 ± 3.8% vs 13.5 ± 10.8% respectively. All were significantly different (p<O.OOI). The mean± s.d HbAlc levels for normal vs HbE heterozygous subjects determined using Ames DCA 2000 and Diastat kits were 5.1 ± 0.5% vs 5.3 ± 2.7% and 6.1 ±.).9% vs 10.7 ± 8.7% respectively. The results measured using the Diastat kit were significantly different (p<0.001) while those measured using the Ames DCA 2000 kit were not significantly different (p = 0.5). Therefore the cation-exchange chromatography based kits (Eagles Diagnostic, 7 . Boehringer Mannheim and Diastat) were affected by the presence of HbE. This - interference was minimised by dilution. The use of~pecific antibody (Ames) did not have any influence on HbA 1 c determination. The prevalence of HbE among diabetics were also studied. Blood was taken from 202 diabetic patients (121 females and 81 males; aged 46.2 ± 15.2 years) who were attending the outpatient diabetes clinic, Hospital USM. 28 patients (13.9%) were confirmed to carry HbE by hemoglobin electrophoresis. This consists of 4 males and 24 females. The finding is consistent with the prevalence ofHbE heterozygotes in the general population. In conclusio~ this study showed that HbE affect the determination ofHbAl/HbAlc by kits using cation exchange chromatography and that the interference may be diluted out The prevalence of HbE among diabetes mellitus patients is similar to that of the general population

Analysis of different friction factor correlations on the frictional pressure drop of two-phase flow ammonia-cooled minichannel

Friction factor is one of the major parameters that affect the frictional pressure drop in a mini channel of a compact heat exchanger. There have been many studies on the correlations for the friction factor, both in implicit and explicit forms. Differences between the predicted and experimental pressure drop have been reported and these could possibly be due to the different correlations used.This paper reports the effects of using five different friction factor correlations, both in implicit and explicit forms,on the frictional pressure drop of an ammonia-cooled minichannel under optimized conditions. For turbulent flow in a smooth channel, optimization is completed for 0.9-mm and 3-mm channels with genetic algorithm. Results show that different friction factor correlations produced different values of the frictional pressure drop even under optimized conditions.All five correlations produced evenly distributed optimal solutions for the simultaneous optimization of the frictional pressure drop and heat transfer coefficients. Comparison of R22 and ammonia refrigerants showed that the latter produced a higher heat transfer coefficient at the cost of a higher frictional pressure drop under optimized conditions

Investigation of the minimized pressure drop of four refrigerants in a small channel with genetic algorithm

Awareness towards the ozone-depleting Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) refrigerants has led researchers to investigate alternative refrigerants which are more environmentally friendly. The miniaturization of evaporators and condensers in heat exchangers of the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry have further challenged the search for new coolants that can fulfill these demands. Of particular concern is the prediction of the pressure drop of the two-phase flow in these heat exchanging devices. This paper presents a preliminary study completed on the minimized frictional pressure drop of four refrigerants at the saturation temperature of 10?C in a horizontal small channel of 1.5 mm diameter; R22, R134A, CO2, and propane. Genetic algorithm (GA) based on a stochastic approach is used to attain the minimization of the frictional pressure drop under the optimized conditions of the vapor quality. The separated model of the Lockhart-Martinelli for two-phase flow is assumed with the laminar-laminar cases investigated using three different versions of the model at three different mass flux conditions. Single-objective optimization with GA has managed to produce the minimized frictional pressure drop for the four refrigerants with CO2 having the lowest frictional pressure drop, almost half that of R22

Study of kitchen hood water mist system for cooking emission (UL1046) filtration with low pressure delected nozzle

Most kitchen hoods in restaurants and hotels uses standard water mist filtration. There are two types of filtration used in the kitchen hood, namely the washing water and water mist. Water mist spray works continuously to filter the system and facilitate cleaning purposes by collecting oil and disposing it. ln a study undertaken previously, for heavy work activity on kitchen hood water mist system, water only is not effective in dissolving oil to clean the filter in kitchen hood system. In fact, water generates a high level of reading on the emission of the kitchen hood plenum system. Flat fan spray nozzle is used only for liquid spray to produce to spray water mist on kitchen hood filtration and require a low pressure water spray. In this study, mixtures of organic citric acid (lemon water) with ratio ( 1: 10) and (3: I 0) were used. Citric acid was selected because it has the same characteristics as detergent for cleaning processes. The AL 75 nozzle was used on kitchen hood system to replace the flat fan spray nozzles for detennining the water and air reduction. Kitchen hood system was built to carry out research and Grease Machine (UL1046) was used to produce a vapor as heavy work cooking activities. Results of the study showed that flat fan spray nozzle with a mixture of citric acid on Lemon 30 % and Water 70% (L30W70) is more effective as it is able to decrease 26.4 % of CO2 emission in comparison to no water mist test. Results of studies using AL 75 (1: I) with L30W70 condition is effective in reducing the amount of CO2 on average, from 5678 ppm to 4187 ppm. Mixtures of organic with experiment instruments showed that the vapor released can be controlled and nozzle AL 75 (1: 1) is effective as a filtration system. The mixed water with citric acid can reduce the emission for heavy work cooking activity on kitchen hood water mis

Crystal structure of bis[benzyl(methyl)carbamodithioato-κ2S,S′]-di-n-butyltin(IV), C26H38N2S4Sn

C26H38N2S4Sn, triclinic, P 1 ‾ (no. 2), a = 9.6272(1) Å, b = 12.1043(2) Å, c = 13.3584(2) Å, α = 82.296(1)°, β = 86.611(1)°, γ = 66.912(1)°, V = 1419.02(4) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt (F) = 0.0235, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0612, T = 100 K. CCDC no.: 2213005 The molecular structure is shown in the figure. Table 1 contains crystallographic data and Table 2 contains the list of the atoms including atomic coordinates and displacement parameters