Factor Market Dualism, Small Scale Industry and Labor Absorption

This paper takes a closer look at the dualistic nature of labor and credit markets in developing countries in so far as their functioning is relevant for labor absorption in small scale industry. The potential for absorption of excess labor from the ¡°informal¡± urban market in the small scale industry is assessed within the framework of a modified ¡°specific factors¡± model. The paper concludes that segmentation in labor and credit markets in developing countries is asymmetric in its implications for labor absorption in small scale industry. While the high cost of capital and its unavailability to small scale industry is a serious constraint, the availability of a pool of unemployed labor in the urban informal labor market, and at a significantly lower wage, offers an unexploited opportunity. However, this is conditional on a policy regime that shifts domestic demand towards the output of small scale industry.

Trade with low-wage countries and wage inequality

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Estimation of the J-Curve in China

This paper investigates whether a J-curve can be detected in the time series data on China's bilateral trade with the G-7 countries. It utilizes cointegration and causality tests to ascertain the long-run relatedness, and the short-run dynamics, between the real exchange rate, national income, and the trade balance. There is some evidence that a real depreciation eventually improves the trade balance with some countries. But there is no indication of a negative short-run response which characteristics the J-Curve.

Preparation of pure boehmite, alpha-Al2O3 and their mixtures by hydrothermal oxidation of aluminium metal

A hydrothermal oxidation process for preparing pure boehmite, alpha-Al2O3, and their mixtures by oxidation of pure aluminum metal is described, and the reaction mechanisms involved are identified. SEM images are presented which show distinct morphologies of boehmite, alpha-Al2O3, and boehmite + alpha-Al2O3 phases. Near sperical shapes of alpha-Al2O3 powder phases are obtained at 550 C with 30 percent volume of fill

DReAM: Dynamic Re-arrangement of Address Mapping to Improve the Performance of DRAMs

The initial location of data in DRAMs is determined and controlled by the 'address-mapping' and even modern memory controllers use a fixed and run-time-agnostic address mapping. On the other hand, the memory access pattern seen at the memory interface level will dynamically change at run-time. This dynamic nature of memory access pattern and the fixed behavior of address mapping process in DRAM controllers, implied by using a fixed address mapping scheme, means that DRAM performance cannot be exploited efficiently. DReAM is a novel hardware technique that can detect a workload-specific address mapping at run-time based on the application access pattern which improves the performance of DRAMs. The experimental results show that DReAM outperforms the best evaluated address mapping on average by 9%, for mapping-sensitive workloads, by 2% for mapping-insensitive workloads, and up to 28% across all the workloads. DReAM can be seen as an insurance policy capable of detecting which scenarios are not well served by the predefined address mapping

Diversion et création d’échanges commerciaux dans le cadre du système canadien de préférences tarifaires

This paper explores in quantitative terms the potential effects on trade flows as a result of Canadian tariff preferences in favor of the developing countries instituted in 1974. The paper develops a model of trade creation and trade diversion due to preferences based on imperfect substitution, within each product category, between preference-granting, preference-receiving and non-preferred countries. This model depart from the usual assumption of the customs union theory that countries trade in perfect substitutes. The model is then applied to the 1978 trade date under BTN chapters 25 - 99 on a 4-digit classification. One major conclusion of the paper is that the assumption of perfect substitution tends to overstate the magnitude of trade creation and trade diversion, while the method based on less than perfect substitutability seems to offer more realistic estimates of the actual impact of trade preferences