Cardiovascular manifestations of Lyme disease - a literature review

Lyme disease is an infectious zoonosis transmitted by ticks infected with Borrelia spirochetes. Condition affects multiple organ systems and typically has a protracted course. Although Lyme carditis is a comparatively rare symptom of Lyme borreliosis, it can cause major cardiac conditions, including death, if left untreated. Atrioventricular block of various degrees is the hallmark of cardiac involvement, although other manifestations of the disease are increasingly describe such as ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, pericarditis, acute coronary syndrome, mild heart failure, cardiac tamponade or individual cases of cardiomyopathy, degenerative valvular lesions and vasculitis. Cardiovascular conduction disorders have a good prognosis despite their abrupt onset and completely resolve after a few days of antibiotic therapy. Therefore, a wait-and-see attitude should be maintained. However, a temporary or permanent pacemaker may be required if the patient's clinical condition necessitates prompt intervention. Nevertheless, current recommendations suggest avoiding temporary stimulation wherever possible and limiting its use to the shortest treatment time possible

Influence of sport activity on hypertension - literature review

One of the most widespread illnesses, hypertension can cause other cardiovascular conditions that shorten life expectancy and lower quality of life. Primary hypertension is the most typical type, and while there are some risk factors, we cannot determine what is the primary cause. We should first change our lifestyles before using medications. Sport activity is the strategy that has the most potential. Numerous researchers have attempted to evaluate its impact on hypertension control. They all concurred that engaging in almost any sport can aid in the management of hypertension. Other studies looked at the best sports to keep hypertension under control. They experimented with isometric exercises, tai chi, brisk walking, and aerobic exercise. Matching the appropriate sport to the level of hypertension can be important too.Athletes experience hypertension as well, despite the fact that exercise is beneficial for the condition. Because of anti-doping regulations, there are some restrictions on how they can be treated.In addition to exercise, other lifestyle changes are crucial in the treatment of hypertension. It involves changing one's diet, attempting to lose weight, and avoiding stressful situations

Therapeutic Role of Animals: A Comprehensive Literature Review on the Prevalent Forms and Species in Animal-Assisted Interventions

Animals have been valued and used to improve human physical and mental health since ancient times. Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is a complementary approach to traditional medicine, involving trained animals. AAT can enhance cognition, commitment, character growth, and the learning process. Commonly used species in animal-assisted therapy include cats, dogs, horses, dolphins, and others. Feline-assisted therapy alleviates loneliness and stress, whereas canine-assisted therapy positively impacts emotions and overall well-being. Equine-assisted interventions benefit individuals with cognitive and motor disabilities. Dolphin-assisted therapy shows promise for conditions like autism and cerebral palsy. However, ethical concerns have arisen, particularly in children with behavioral disorders. Safety measures, adult supervision, and proper screening and hygiene practices are crucial in AAT programs. In conclusion, AAIs have a significant potential to enhance well-being and mental health across various contexts, but more research is needed to fully understand their effectiveness and safety in different settings and age groups. The existing literature consists of subjective accounts and inadequate methodologies

Insulin resistance, does it exist? The current state of knowledge

Insulin resistance is a growing concern worldwide, affecting millions of people and increasing the risk of various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and fatty liver disease. This paper aims to display the symptoms of insulin resistance and the importance of early detection through various diagnostic tests such as fasting insulin levels, oral glucose tolerance tests, and HOMA-IR scores. Despite the high prevalence of insulin resistance, there is currently no known cure for this condition as it is not a disease in itself. However, lifestyle modifications, including exercise and dietary changes, can effectively manage and prevent the progression of insulin resistance and its associated complications. This study emphasizes the importance of raising awareness about insulin resistance and its adverse effects on individuals' health and the healthcare system's burden. Early detection and management of insulin resistance can significantly reduce the risk of developing metabolic disorders and prevent serious health complications

Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction: a literature review

Opioid therapy plays a crucial role in the management of acute and chronic pain, with opioids being widely prescribed worldwide. However, alongside the analgesic benefits, the use of opioids is associated with a range of adverse effects, including opioid-induced bowel dysfunction. Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction refers to a constellation of gastrointestinal symptoms caused by the effects of opioids on the gastrointestinal tract. These symptoms primarily manifest as constipation, but can also include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction poses a significant clinical challenge, as it can severely affect patients' quality of life. Non-pharmacological approaches alone are rarely sufficient to counteract the adverse effects of opioid therapy. The primary pharmacological agents used in opioid-induced bowel dysfunction management are laxatives, which should be chosen according to individual patient needs. Patients with poorly controlled symptoms can benefit from new pharmacological approaches, particularly peripheral mu-opioid receptor antagonists. By better understanding the underlying mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies, healthcare professionals can optimize patient care, minimize complications, and improve patients' overall well-being

Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction: a literature review

Opioid therapy plays a crucial role in the management of acute and chronic pain, with opioids being widely prescribed worldwide. However, alongside the analgesic benefits, the use of opioids is associated with a range of adverse effects, including opioid-induced bowel dysfunction. Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction refers to a constellation of gastrointestinal symptoms caused by the effects of opioids on the gastrointestinal tract. These symptoms primarily manifest as constipation, but can also include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction poses a significant clinical challenge, as it can severely affect patients' quality of life. Non-pharmacological approaches alone are rarely sufficient to counteract the adverse effects of opioid therapy. The primary pharmacological agents used in opioid-induced bowel dysfunction management are laxatives, which should be chosen according to individual patient needs. Patients with poorly controlled symptoms can benefit from new pharmacological approaches, particularly peripheral mu-opioid receptor antagonists. By better understanding the underlying mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies, healthcare professionals can optimize patient care, minimize complications, and improve patients' overall well-being