The Endometriosis - treatment and new methods

Introduction: Endometriosis is a common disease, especially in young women. Inthis article, we reviewed the epidemiology, symptoms, and various options for thetreatment of endometriosis.Material and methods: The work was based on medical articles collected inPubMed, websites and medical books. The research was conducted by looking atkeywords such as: "endometriosis", „endometriosis treatment”, „endometriosis andnew methods"Results: There are many methods of treating endometriosis, ranging fromhormonal therapy to surgical treatment.Conclusions: Endometriosis is difficult disease to treat. We need more researchesand experience to find the perfect way treatment without side effects

Kidney Stones - What should You know?

Introduction: Kidney stones are mineral deposits in the renal calyces and pelvis that are found free or attached to the renal papillae.  The risk of developing kidney stones is 10 to 15 percent in the United States and Europe, although this number is trending higher. Contributing risk factors for kidney stones are obesity, insulin resistance, gastrointestinal pathology, living in warmer climates, certain dietary patterns and medications. In this article we reviewed the epidemiology, symptoms and treatment of acute and chronic kidney stones and also prevention of stones formation in urinary tract. Material and methods: The work was based on medical articles collected in PubMed, websites and medical books. The research was conducted by looking at keywords such as: "Kidney Stones", "Renal Colic" and “Rirs”. Conclusions: The interdisciplinary approach, education of the patient and multiple endourological techniques can provide us with many solutions in the treatment of this contition. Doctors should adjust treatment to provide the best therapeutic effects

Varicocele – impact on fertility and results of various methods of surgical treatment

Introduction: Varicoceles, a dilation of veins within the pampiniform plexus, are present in ∼15% of the general male population. In this article we reviewed the epidemiology, symptoms, and various surgical techniques for the treatment of varicoceles and the results of following treatment. Material and methods: The work was based on medical articles collected in PubMed, websites and medical books. The research was conducted by looking at keywords such as: "Varicoceles", "varicocelectomy" and “infertility”. Results: There are many methods of treating varicoceles ranging from Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy (MSV) or Laparoscopic varicocelectomy. Conclusions: The interdisciplinary approach to the patient and innovative surgical techniques can provide us with many solutions in the treatment of the disease. Doctors should adjust treatment to provide the best therapeutic effects

Immunity system dysfunction caused by insomnia and methods of treatment

Introduction: Sleep is a very important part of human health. Research over the past several years has shown that sleep disorders such as insomnia can affect the risk of infectious diseases. This review describes the immunocompromising mechanisms of insomnia and the consequences associated with this disorder. This review also includes treatment methods. Material and methods: The work was based on the articles published in PubMed, medical books and websites.  Results: Insomnia has an influence in the markers of inflammation and there are few methods of treating insomnia. Conclusions: Sleep influences the two primary effector systems which in turn regulate immune responses. Sleep disturbance like insomnia increases the risk of infectious diseases. Treatment can lower the markers of inflammation and helps relieve the symptoms of insomnia

An insight into zolpidem abuse and dependence

Background: Z-drugs (zopiclone, zaleplon, and zolpidem) are commonly prescribed medicine classes associated with a risk of abuse, dependence or withdrawal.   Objective: The purpose of our work is to review the current knowledge on the evidence for z-drugs harms and estimate the prevalence of dispensed prescriptions.  Material and Methods: A literature review was conducted in PubMed database using the key words: “Zolpidem”, “Z-drugs”, “Abuse”, “Dependence”  Results: According to our findings, zolpidem should be prescribed with the same caution as BZDs, especially in patients with a history of drug abuse or in the elderly.  Conclusion: Psychiatrists and physicians should be aware of the misuse potential of zolpidem and adopt measures restricting its use

Chronic pruritus in atopic dermatitis – mechanisms and different ways of treatment, affect on quality of life

Introduction: Pruritus in atopic dermatitis is one of the main symptoms of the disease and the one that causes a significant impact on quality of life. It is important to control itching because it’s not only an unplesant sense. Scratching topically deepen the dermatitis, damages the epidermal barrier causing additional infections possible  and makes it harder to acheive a remission of the disease. It is also highly associated with stress and has an impact on mental health of the patient.  In this article we present a summary of how pruritus affects the quality of life, mechanisms of pruritus and possible treatment. Materials and methods: Our work is based on the articles published in PubMed, medical books and websites. We were looking for the key words such as ‘stress and itch’, ‘pruritus treatment’, ‘chronic itch in atopic dermatitis’, ‘itch and quality of life’. Results: Patients with atopic dermatitis should come under miltidisciplinar treatment to acheive the best possible control of symptoms. This will result in higher quality of life and better mental health of the patient. Conclusions: There is a high need to develop new targeted medications as contemporary medicine knows a lot more about the mechanism of pruritus. Many new types of treatment are being studied and soon we may have more options to choose in systemic and topical therapy. We should also concetrate more on a mental side of the disease

Contraindications and factors that rule out patients willing to undergo laser vision correction

Laser vision correction is a modern method of eliminating, not just correcting, vision defects. The laser results in the restoration of the patient's eyes, so that he or she gains visual acuity anew. This method is both effective and safe, however, it is not feasible for every person. There are certain restrictions regarding: age, health, type of defect, history of disease, corneal scarring, pregnancy (both during and planned), or breastfeeding. Other rather non-obvious limitations, often overlooked by patients at the qualifying examination, are a metal filing that once found its way into the eye, after which it was removed rather late by a specialist, or current dry eye syndrome. The procedure of laser vision correction, can be carried out only after obtaining both the consent of the doctor conducting the qualifying examination and the interested party himself

Contraindications and factors that rule out patients willing to undergo laser vision correction

Laser vision correction is a modern method of eliminating, not just correcting, vision defects. The laser results in the restoration of the patient's eyes, so that he or she gains visual acuity anew. This method is both effective and safe, however, it is not feasible for every person. There are certain restrictions regarding: age, health, type of defect, history of disease, corneal scarring, pregnancy (both during and planned), or breastfeeding. Other rather non-obvious limitations, often overlooked by patients at the qualifying examination, are a metal filing that once found its way into the eye, after which it was removed rather late by a specialist, or current dry eye syndrome. The procedure of laser vision correction, can be carried out only after obtaining both the consent of the doctor conducting the qualifying examination and the interested party himself

Biological denitrification of brine: the effect of compatible solutes on enzyme activities and fatty acid degradation

The effect of the addition of compatible solutes (ectoine and trehalose) on the denitrification process of saline wastewater was studied. In saline wastewater, it was observed that the initial concentration of nitrates was 500 mg N l(−1). A fatty substance isolated from oiled bleaching earth (waste of vegetable oil refining process) was used as a source of carbon. The consortium, which was responsible for the denitrification process originated from the wastewater of the vegetable oil industry. The consortium of microorganisms was identified by the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and sequencing techniques. It was noted that ectoine affects significantly the activity of lipase and nitrate reductase, and resulted in faster denitrification compared to saline wastewater with the addition of trehalose or control saline wastewater (without compatible solutes). It was observed that relative enzyme activities of lipase and nitrate reductase increased by 32 and 35%, respectively, in the presence of 1 mM ectoine. This resulted in an increase in specific nitrate reduction rate in the presence of 1 mM ectoine to 5.7 mg N g(−1) VSS h(−1), which was higher than in the absence of ectoine (3.2 mg N g(−1) VSS h(−1)). The addition of trehalose did not have an effect on nitrate removals. Moreover, it was found that trehalose was used up completely by bacteria as a source of carbon in the denitrification process. The fatty acids were biodegraded by 74% in the presence of 1 mM ectoine