Genetic and Non-Genetics Effect on Birth, Weaning, and Yearling Weight of Bali Cattle

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors on the growth traits including birth weight, weaning, and yearling weight of Bali cattle. Data were analyzed using generalized linear model (SAS) to observe non-genetic effect. To evaluate the genetic effect, the estimation of heritability were done using mixed models analysis with the dam and sire as random effect and sex, parity, year of birth, and season as fixed effect in the model besides the residual. The results showed that sex of calf had no significant influence on birth and weaning weight but had significant influence on yearling weight (P+0.07, 0.33+0.09, and 0.43+0.10 respectively. Heritability value of growth trait weaning and yearling weight in Bali cattle was quite moderate to high, so it was expected that selection in achieving increased gain on growth trait was effective

Genetic Variation of MtDNA Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) in Local Swamp Buffaloes in Indonesia

The objective of this research was to identify genetic variation of mitochondria DNA especially in cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) among population of Indonesian buffaloes. Samples of swamp buffaloes were collected from Aceh (n= 3), North Sumatra (n= 3), Riau (n= 3), Banten (n= 3), Central Java (n= 3), West Nusa Tenggara (n= 3) and South Sulawesi (n= 3), and riverine buffalo from North Sumatra (n= 1) out of group for comparison. Sequence of COI was analyzed using MEGA 5.10 software with neighbor-joining method kimura 2-parameter model to reconstruct phylogeny tree. The result showed that three haplotypes for swamp buffalo and one haplotype for riverine buffalo in Indonesia resulted from 41 polymorphic sites. This finding showed that the COI gene could be considered as a marker to distinguish among swamp buffaloes in Indonesia

Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters of Body Weight in Ettawa Grade Goats

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters of growth traits consisting of birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 6 mo body weight (6WM), 12 mo body weight (12WM), and 18 mo body weight (18WM) of Ettawa Grade goats. The number of goat used to determine growth traits of BW, WW, 6WM, 12WM, and 18WM were 316; 316; 259; 259 and 165 heads, respectively. Data were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM) to identify non-genetic effect. Estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters including heritability, repeatability, genetic and phenotypic correlation were calculated using Restricted Maximum Likelihood and GLM. Genetic trends were calculated using the regression of mean breeding values on birth year. The results showed that parity and type of birth had significant (P<0.05) influence on all growth traits. Estimated heritability of birth, weaning, 6WM, 12WM, and 18WM were 0.54±0.12; 0.35±0.07; 0.37±0.09; 0.68±0.16 and 0.63±0.19, respectively. Estimated repeatability of WW, 6WM, 12WM and 18WM, WW, 6WM, 12WM and 18WM were 0.98±0.01; 0.97±0.01; 0.94±0.03; 0.71±0.12 and 0.91±0.04, respectively. The genetic trends for traits of BW and 18MW were decreased fluctuatively. However, the WW, 6MW, 12MW were increased fluctuatively. The high and positive genetic correlations between all growth traits and 12WM traits in this study indicated that selection for high 12WM will improve genetic merit in Ettawa Grade goats

Estimates of Genetic and Phenotypic Trends of Growth Traits in Bali Cattle

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic trends for growth traits including birth (BW), weaning (WW) and yearling weight (YW) in Bali cattle. The number of cattle used to determine growth traits of BW, WW, and YW were 235, 215, and 178 heads, respectively. Estimation of breeding value, phenotypic and genetic correlation were calculated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood and General Linier Model (GLM) procedures, respectively. Genetic trends analysis was performed using the regression mean breeding values on birth year. Phenotypic and genetic correlation among BW and WW were 0.10 and 0.08 respectively and 0.90 and 0.70 for WW and YW respectively. The phenotypic trends for traits of birth and weaning weight were constant, whereas yearling weight was fluctuating from 2000 to 2008. Likewise, in the case of genetic trends, the birth and weaning weight were constant from 2000 to 2008 except for WW in 2005, whereas the genetic trends for yearling weight showed a fluctuation of wide range. According to the breeding value estimated for all traits, the best was the sire No. 0565, whose breeding value for BW, WW and YW were +0.07, +2.79, and +10.25 kg, respectively higher than the mean value of the population. The genetic trends showed that there have been a significant and positive genetic improvement in all growth traits and indicate that selection would be effective. Genetic correlation between WW and YW was high (0.70) which indicates that the selection on weaning weight might also increase yearling weight in Bali cattle

Application of Linear Body Measurements for Predicting Weaning and Yearling Weight of Bali Cattle

The objective of this research was to predict the weaning and yearling weight of Bali cattle using simple linear body measurement. The height wither (HW), body length (BL) and heart girth (HG) were measured in centimeters, using caliper, whereas weaning (WW)and yearling weight (YW) was determined in kilograms using a weighing scale. Results of the correlation coefficient showed that hearth girth (HG) highly correlated with weaning and yearling weight were 0.847 and 0.871 respectively. In all, the height wither (HW) had the least correlation coefficient were 0.328 and 0.782 on weaning and yearling weight respectively. Results of the stepwise regression showed that HG was a good estimator of WW and YW of Bali cattle followed by HW and BL. The comparison of residuals indicated that only two equations (HG and BL) accurately predicted weaning and yearling weight. From these results, it was concluded that weaning and yearling weight of Bali cattle can be estimated using simple linear body measurement of heart girth, body length and height wither especially in most remote areas where farmers are challenged with the unavailability of weighing scale. (Animal Production 12(3): 163-168 (2010

Association of Calpastatin (CAST) Gene with Growth Traits and Carcass Characteristics in Bali Cattle

Calpastatin (CAST) gene is well known as an inhibitor of muscle protein degradation and relates to muscle growth and meat tenderness. The objective of this study was to determine the association of CAST gene with growth traits and carcass characteristics in Bali cattle. A number of data from 35 Bali bulls were collected from BPTU Bali Cattle to obtain growth traits, carcass characteristics, and blood samples. Polymorphism of CAST gene in Bali bulls was analyzed by using PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing. The association of CAST gene with growth traits and carcass characteristics were analyzed by using General Linear Model (GLM). The result showed that there were two genotypes (GG and AG) of CAST gene with allele frequencies of 0.857 and 0.143, respectively, for G and A. Notably, mutation A to G occurred in 253 bp CAST fragment gene in Bali Cattle. Genotypes GG and AG of CAST gene significantly affected (P<0.05) the back-fat thickness and longissimus dorsi without a significant effect on the growth traits. It could be concluded that CAST gene had a potency as a marker gene for carcass quality in Bali cattle

Supplementation of Mangosteen Pericarp Meal and Vitamin E on Egg Quality and Blood Profile of Laying Hens

This research aimed to study the supplementation effects of mangosteen pericarp meal (MPM) and vitamin E (VE) in the diets on the egg quality and blood profile of laying hens. This research used 160 laying hens of Lohman strains 24 weeks of age. The observation was conducted for 11 weeks. A completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications (10 birds each) was used in this experiment. The treatments consisted of R0 (control diet), R1 (R0 + 1 g MPM/kg ration), R2 (R0 + 2 g MPM/kg ration) and R3 (R0 + 200 mg VE/kg ration). Variables measured were egg quality, yolk cholesterol, and blood profiles. The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and any significant difference between the treatment means were further tested by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that supplementation of 1 g MPM/kg ration in the diet significantly (P<0.05) decreased blood triglycerides compared with the control, laying hens fed with diet suplemented with of 2 g MPM/kg ration, and laying hens with diet suplemented with 200 mg VE/kg ration. Supplementation of MPM and VE did not affect (P>0.05) egg quality (except shell thickness), blood cholesterol, and HDL, respectively. In conclusion, supplementation of 1 g MPM/kg in the diet of laying hens could decrease blood triglycerides

The Ghrelin Receptor (Ghsr) Gene Polymorphism in Indonesian Local Chicken and Crossbreed is Associated with Carcass Traits

Ghrelin receptor (GHSR) gene is candidate gene for growth performance in chicken by modulating growth hormone release from the pituitary by binding to its ligand of ghrelin. Ghrelin gene, or growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) gene, is well known as feed intake and energy homeostasis regulator in mammals and birds. The objectives of this study were to identify the polymorphism of the T1857C GHSR locus in Indonesian local chicken and to evaluate its effects on carcass traits. The gene polymorphism was identified using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using Hin6I restriction enzyme. Effect of genotype on carcass composition was analyzed using SAS General Linear Model (GLM) procedure. The genotyping was performed on 343 individuals including Merawang, Pelung, Sentul, Kampung, broiler (strain Cobb, parent stock), F1 crossbred of Kampung x broiler (strain Cobb, parent stock), and F2 crossbred of Kampung x broiler (strain Cobb, parent stock). All individuals were successfully amplified and were resulted in a 470 bp PCR product. This locus was polymorphic with two alleles (T and C) and three genotypes (TT, CT, and CC). The T allele and TT genotype were predominant in all populations. Individuals with CT genotype were significantly had higher live weight at 26w, carcass weight, commercial cuts weights, and muscles weights than TT genotype in F2 crossbred of Kampung x broiler population. Association of the T1857C GHSR locus-polymorphism with chicken carcass composition has been described in Indonesian chicken, providing evidence that GHSR might be an important candidate gene for chicken carcass traits