ANALYSIS OF TWITTER DATA FOR PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE AND PRECISION DIAGNOSTICS OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

M.S

Correlation between prolactin, thyroid, LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone in the infertile women

Background: An important global health issue, infertility affects a couple’s social, psychological, economic, and sexual well-being. A variety of issues stemming from abnormal hypothalamus pituitary ovarian axis dysfunction make up the hormonal diseases of the female reproductive system. The aim of the study was to find correlation between prolactin, thyroid, LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone in the infertile women. Methods: Present study was hospital based descriptive, cross-sectional study. 150 infertile women were required in sample size. Serum LH, FSH, estradiol was measured on day 2 of menstrual cycle and also serum TSH and serum progesterone on day 21. Results: Around one third (38%) of the cases was married since more than 10 years. Majority 108 (72%) had primary infertility and 50% of the women had history of irregular menstrual cycles. There was significant positive correlation between TSH and prolactin (p value <0.05) and significant negative correlation of TSH with FSH and LH (p value <0.05) and there was insignificant negative correlation of TSH with estrogen (D2) and progesterone (D21). The mean value of TSH in our study was 7.47±1.82 μIU/ml. Conclusions: TSH has strong positive co-relation between prolactin, FSH and LH indicating role in female infertility. These hormonal evaluations allow a routine etiological approach to the diagnosis of infertility.

Comparison of the various diagnostic criteria used in polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) represents one of the major causes of infertility in women. Various criteria are set to diagnose PCOS, some over diagnose and some underdiagnose it. The objective of the study was to compare the various criteria used for the diagnosis of PCOS: NIH 1990 criteria, Rotterdam 2003 criteria and AE-PCOS Society 2006 criteria.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of one year. Patients with suspicion of PCOS were selected. After complete history and examination, blood samples were collected and androgen levels were measured. They were labeled as PCOS based on their fulfillment of the criteria as per Rotterdam, NIH and AE-PCOS Society.Data was analysed and conclusions drawn.Results: Of the participants, 25.7%, 28.5%, and 62.8% were diagnosed with PCOS using NIH, AE-PCOS Society, and Rotterdam criteria, respectively. Phenotypes that included hyperandrogenism and/or hyperandrogenemia as part of their criteria showed increase in values of DHEAS and S. testoterone as compared to the normoandrogenic phenotype included in only the Rotterdam criteria.Conclusions: It is crucial to establish the diagnostic criteria for PCOS and initiate early treatment as this may play a role in the prevention of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases

Wound grading and surgical site infection following caesarean section

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) following caesarean section can adversely influence the postpartum period for the women. The objective of the study was to study the extent of infection and the microbiological flora in cases of surgical site infection following caesarean section.Methods: Women undergoing caesarean section amongst women admitted in labour ward were followed till discharge for any surgical site infection Detailed assessment of the wound was done. Any discharge if present was taken for culture.Results: 88.88% had normal wound healing, implying no infection. Of those with abnormal wound, 22% had serosanguinous or purulent discharge. Most had superficial incisional SSI. Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus were the commonest organisms grown on culture.Conclusions: All surgical site infections should be looked into as early as possible and managed appropriately

Comparison of efficacy of injection ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose in moderate anaemia in pregnancy

Background: Prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women is 14% in developed and 58-89.6% in pregnant Indian women. Parenteral iron is seems to be an option in the treatment of moderate iron deficiency anaemia which allow high doses of iron to be administered rapidly, in those who are intolerant to oral iron, have  poor compliance to oral iron or gastrointestinal disorder. The objective was to compare the efficacy of newer drug, inravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) with intravenous iron sucrose.Methods: Group A were given injection FCM and group B were given injection iron sucrose. FCM was given in one or two sittings depending on iron requirement and iron sucrose was given in divided doses. Haemogram was done at baseline and on day 3 and 21 and at 12 weeks. All the observations were tabulated and analysed.Results: The mean rise in haemoglobin values from baseline in the FCM group was 0.20±0.06 at 3rd day, 2.03±0.47 at 3 weeks, 3.86±0.53 at 12 weeks compared to iron sucrose group, which was 0.11±0.08 at 3rd day, 1.51±0.39 at 3 weeks, and 3.22±0.54 at 12 weeks, which was statistically significant and showed that the haemoglobin levels were increased more in FCM group. Target haemoglobin was achieved in 92% women in FCM group and 78% women in iron sucrose group.Conclusions: Women in the FCM group achieved significantly higher haemoglobin level than in iron sucrose group. It was given in fewer sittings, hence was more convenient with better efficacy

An Experimental Evaluation of Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Riser Bundle With Gaps

VIV model test results are presented for a bundle of three parallel pipes all lying in the same plane, similar to a riser with large kill and choke lines. The rigid model was attached to a spring-mounted frame in the MIT towing tank. The horizontal model was towed in the tank and allowed to respond in free vibration to vortex-induced vibration in the cross-flow direction. The angle of attack of the model was varied from 0 to 90 degrees. The model was tested with and without helical strakes. Without strakes the model exhibited significant vibration at 0 and 90 degrees angle of attack. Strakes suppressed VIV at all angles of attack

Association of biochemical markers with time of onset and severity of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Inflammation is considered as one of the etiologic factors along with a complex interplay of multiple genetic, nutritional and other environmental agents. This study was undertaken to find association of biochemical markers with severity and time of onset of HDP. Methods: Institutional review board and ethics committee approval was taken prior to the study. History and examination was done. Blood pressure was recorded at each antenatal visit. Blood samples were taken for the study of biochemical markers-hsCRP and interleukin 6 levels. Data was analyzed. P value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Of the 80 women, 27.5% had early onset HDP. 72.5% had severe HDP. Inflammatory indices were altered as compared to the range of normal pregnant women. Mean IL-6 and hsCRP levels were found to be raised but no statistically significant association was observed between IL-6 levels or hs-CRP levels and time of onset of HDP (p value = 1 and 0.5859 respectively and severity of onset of HDP (p value = 0.197 and 0.453 respectively). Conclusions: Biochemical indices, IL-6 and hs-CRP levels were elevated in women with HDP, indicative of increased inflammation

Analysis of human collagen sequences

The extracellular matrix is fast emerging as important component mediating cell-cell interactions, along with its established role as a scaffold for cell support. Collagen, being the principal component of extracellular matrix, has been implicated in a number of pathological conditions. However, collagens are complex protein structures belonging to a large family consisting of 28 members in humans; hence, there exists a lack of in depth information about their structural features. Annotating and appreciating the functions of these proteins is possible with the help of the numerous biocomputational tools that are currently available. This study reports a comparative analysis and characterization of the alpha-1 chain of human collagen sequences. Physico-chemical, secondary structural, functional and phylogenetic classification was carried out, based on which, collagens 12, 14 and 20, which belong to the FACIT collagen family, have been identified as potential players in diseased conditions, owing to certain atypical properties such as very high aliphatic index, low percentage of glycine and proline residues and their proximity in evolutionary history. These collagen molecules might be important candidates to be investigated further for their role in skeletal disorders

Pattern self-medication use of analgesics in Pune, Maharashtra, India

Background: Objective of current study was to find out self-medication pattern and to study awareness of ADRs to analgesics self-medication.Methods: II MBBS students collected the information of names of analgesics self-medication, dose, frequency of administration, health related problem for use of self-medication, source of information for the use of self-medication and information about ADRs. Students also educated the population about ADRs to analgesics with the help of ADR checklist.Results: Paracetamol was most commonly taken as self-medication and 39% persons reported ADRs with paracetamol.  Ibuprofen, diclofenac, paracetamol and aspirin were taken less than WHO DDD for joint pain. 79% study population was ignorant about ADRs to analgesics. Headache (37%) was common health related problem for self-medication of analgesics.   Conclusion: Information about problems with repeated use of analgesics like liver damage, analgesic nephropathy, gastric ulceration/bleeding should be provided by pharmacists either orally or with the help of leaflets or display board. Headache is common health related problem for the use of analgesics as self-medication. Pharmacists should take help of assistance tool to diagnosis headache like screener for migraine and guidelines for chronic headache for timely visit of self-medicating person to physician.