Thermotolerant fermenting yeasts for simultaneous saccharification fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable source of energy that has been widely explored as second-generation biofuel feedstock. Despite more than four decades of research, the process of ethanol production from lignocellulosic (LC) biomass remains economically unfeasible. This is due to the high cost of enzymes, end-product inhibition of enzymes, and the need for cost-intensive inputs associated with a separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) process. Thermotolerant yeast strains that can undergo fermentation at temperatures above 40\ub0C are suitable alternatives for developing the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process to overcome the limitations of SHF. This review describes the various approaches to screen and develop thermotolerant yeasts via genetic and metabolic engineering. The advantages and limitations of SSF at high temperatures are also discussed. A critical insight into the effect of high temperatures on yeast morphology and physiology is also included. This can improve our understanding of the development of thermotolerant yeast amenable to the SSF process to make LC ethanol production commercially viable

Thermotolerant fermenting yeasts for simultaneous saccharification fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable source of energy that has been widely explored as second-generation biofuel feedstock. Despite more than four decades of research, the process of ethanol production from lignocellulosic (LC) biomass remains economically unfeasible. This is due to the high cost of enzymes, end-product inhibition of enzymes, and the need for cost-intensive inputs associated with a separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) process. Thermotolerant yeast strains that can undergo fermentation at temperatures above 40°C are suitable alternatives for developing the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process to overcome the limitations of SHF. This review describes the various approaches to screen and develop thermotolerant yeasts via genetic and metabolic engineering. The advantages and limitations of SSF at high temperatures are also discussed. A critical insight into the effect of high temperatures on yeast morphology and physiology is also included. This can improve our understanding of the development of thermotolerant yeast amenable to the SSF process to make LC ethanol production commercially viable

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Not AvailableThe biofertilizers are formulations containing live or latent cells of effective microbial strains cultured in the lab and packed in appropriate carriers. When applied to seeds, soil, or plant surfaces, they enhance the availability of plant nutrients and growth stimulus to target crops. Biofertilizers are known to deliver many benefits, including plant nutrition, disease resistance, and tolerance to adverse climatic conditions. During the past few decades, notable progress has been made to explore microbes' potential and for biofertilizer production to enhance agricultural productivity. All biofertilizers are known to be environment-friendly and valuable inputs for the farmers. Their application has been considered an essential component of integrated nutrient management and a potential alternative to chemical-based agriculture due to its vital role in food security and sustainable crop production. Currently, biofertilizer demand and production are gaining momentum, as there is burgeoning passion for organically grown food among the health-conscious societies. Various initiatives and affirmative regulations laid by government institutions and agencies would further be fueling the extension of the biofertilizer market worldwide. Application of these eco-friendly and cost-effective inputs would not only promote growing healthy food, but also help to maintain a sustainable environment and holistic human well-being.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableLignocellulosic biomass is currently the most promising alternative energy source for realizing sustainable demands of agrarian economies. Its natural recalcitrance to degradation necessitates a detailed study on the complex biochemistry involved in bioconversion of this lignin–carbohydrate complex. A comprehension of the enzymology and role of principal and accessory glycosyl hydrolases involved in biomass degradation are, hence, noteworthy in this context and the xyloglucan-active hydrolases warrant special mention. These are enzymes which carry out hydrolysis and transglucosylation of xyloglucan, the major hemicellulosic polysaccharide in plant biomass. The structurally complex xyloglucans cover and cross-link the cellulosic microfibrils in plant cell walls and make cellulose inaccessible to saccharification by cellulases. Solubilisation of biomass polysaccharides and release of sugars are central to the biomass-to-bioethanol process. Complete conversion of biomass carbohydrates requires a suite of hydrolytic enzymes, which may be designed specifically to accommodate the predominant and subsidiary biomass-cleaving enzymes. Xyloglucan hydrolases which are known to act synergistically with cellulases and xylanases in loosening the plant cell wall are vital enzymes to be deployed for successful bioconversion processes. This chapter is an insight into the capacity of these accessory, but indispensable, hydrolytic enzymes in unlocking the inaccessible biomass polysaccharides for increased sugar recovery and thereby, in drafting the fuels of future.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableWith the increasing world’s population, higher demand for sustainable food production so as to meet the requirement. It has increased tremendously due to excessive use of agrochemicals. Since, the imbalanced application of agrochemicals in agricultural field leads to soil and environmental degradation. Nowadays, the scientific community has shifted their focus on alternative eco-friendly management approach. The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and mycorrhizae has huge potential to substitute agrochemicals. These efficient eco-friendly microbes have different plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities; hence PGPR and mycorrhizae are gaining importance for restoring soil sustainability and agricultural productivity. Application of these efficient microbes in the soil–plant–environment system will be suitable strategies for improving the soil and crop productivity.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableWith the increasing world’s population, higher demand for sustainable food production so as to meet the requirement. It has increased tremendously due to excessive use of agrochemicals. Since, the imbalanced application of agrochemicals in agricultural field leads to soil and environmental degradation. Nowadays, thescientific community has shifted their focus on alternative eco-friendly management approach. The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and mycorrhizae has huge potential to substitute agrochemicals. These efficient eco-friendly microbes have different plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities; hence PGPR and mycorrhizae are gaining importance for restoring soil sustainability and agricultural productivity. Application of these efficient microbes in the soil–plant–environment system will be suitable strategies for improving the soil and crop productivity.Not Availabl

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change (British Journal of Environment and Climate Change)

Not AvailableOrganic farming is considered as a solution to environmental ills associated with modern agriculture. Survey covered crop, livestock, homestead, agro forestry systems with data pertaining to 120 farmers from 06 villages of Sambha district in Jammu division. Data refer to the input output details and other socio-economic characteristics of farm households in the crop year 2019-2020

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Not AvailableAgricultural modeling has long suffered from fragmentation in model implementation. Many models are developed, there is much redundancy, models are often poorly coupled, model component reuse is rare, and it is frequently difficult to apply models to generate real solutions for the agricultural sector. To improve this situation, we argue that an open, selfsustained, and committed community is required to co-develop agricultural models and associated data and tools as a common resource. Such a community can benefit from recent developments in information and communications technology (ICT). We examine how such developments can be leveraged to design and implement the next generation of data, models, and decision support tools for agricultural production systems. Our objective is to assess relevant technologies for their maturity, expected development, and potential to benefit the agricultural modeling community. The technologies considered encompass methods for collaborative development and for involving stakeholders and users in development in an integrated farming system manner. The next generation of data models is developed through incorporation of all independent variables which affect directly or indirectly the output of a system. Models can also be useful in teaching processes involved in the systems and its behavior in response to input variables. Calibration, verification, and validation are very important procedure to produce accurate simulation models. This paper deals with the discussion that how the integrated farming system (IFS) ver. 1.1 model has been developed simulating the entire farm based situations faced by innovative farmers of western Uttar Pradesh with desired technological modifications needed to boost the farmers’ productivity and profitability on sustainable basis. Integration of sugarcane crop and practically feasible farm enterprises, we can earn better net profitability with lesser annual cost of cultivation with overall holistic B: C ratio under (IFS) ver. 1.1 models. These results reveal that induction of IFS principles and technological interventions on the basis of land use planning, the system can fetch better gains and livelihood through their farms. IFS ver. 1.1 model can act as an innovative tool to transform less remunerative farm production systems into highly remunerative systems using available farm resources to generate better farm gains on sustainable basis towards a new generation of agricultural system data models.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThis paper deals with the discussion that how the integrated farming system (IFS) ver. 1.1 model has been developed simulating the entire farm based situations faced by innovative farmers of western Uttar Pradesh with desired technological modifications needed to boost the farmers’ productivity and profitability on sustainable basis. Integration of pigeonpea crop and practically feasible farm enterprises, we can earn better net profitability with lesser annual cost of cultivation with overall holistic benefit- cost ratio under IFS ver. 1.1 model. These results reveal that induction of IFS principles and technological interventions on the basis of land use planning, the system can fetch better gains and livelihood through their farms. This model can act as an innovative tool to transform less remunerative farm production systems into highly remunerative systems using available farm resources to generate better farm gains on sustainable basis. Suggested model can also be useful in teaching processes involved in the systems and its behavior in response input variables. Calibration, verification, and validation are very important procedure to produce accurate simulation models.Not Availabl