Abnormal uterine bleeding: a critical analysis of two diagnostic methods

Background: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common reasons for women to seek gynaecology   consultation. The underlying causes in AUB are many and identifying the exact cause can be a real challenge to the treating gynaecologists. Objectives of current study are to study the common etiology of AUB and to study and correlate the diagnoses of Trans Vaginal Sonography (TVS) and Diagnostic Hysteroscopy (DH) with histopathology diagnosis.Methods: One hundred and thirteen women with AUB were enrolled and evaluated by conventional TVS and DH. The findings were correlated with histopathology diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value of TVS and DH were calculated after comparison with final histopathology diagnosis.Results: Fibroids and polyps were the two commonest structural lesions in AUB. For submucosal fibroids, the sensitivity and specificity of DH was found to be 92% and 99% respectively while that of TVS was found to be 85 % and 100 % respectively. For polyps, the sensitivity and specificity of DH was found to be 91% and 98 % respectively and that of TVS was 68% and 93 % respectively. The coefficient of correlation for DH was better than that of TVS.Conclusions: Fibroids and polyps are the two commonest structural lesions causing AUB in the women of reproductive age group.  TVS has a role as primary screening method for the initial work-up AUB before resorting to invasive procedure such as hysteroscopy

Hair tourniquet syndrome of labia minora in 14 year teen: a rare case report

Hair tourniquet syndrome (HTS) is rare clinical phenomenon in which body appendage is circumferentially entangled by string of hair leading to ischemia and necrosis or even autoamputation of the appendage. HTS commonly affects toes, finger or genitalia. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention lead to good outcome.  This article presents a case of hair tourniquet syndrome of labia minora, a rare presentation in 14 year child

ADMET Investigations On A Synthetic Derivative Of Genistein, And Molecular Docking Experiments Targeting Estrogen Receptor-α (ER-α) In The Pancreas

The main goal of the current research was to perform ADMET and molecular docking studies for a synthetic genistein derivative that can imitate Estrogen and function as an endocrine disruptor, activating the ER receptor on beta-cells in the pancreas to release insulin. The created molecule was molecularly docked using the online molecular docking research tool Dockthor. NGL viewer, an online program for viewing Dockthor data, displayed the docking experiment results. The 2D legend-protein interactions were estimated with BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer. Estrogen-Receptor Alpha was the targeted target, while Compound-A was employed as the legend. In this study, we created a synthetic derivative of genistein, an analogue of Estrogen in terms of ER-α receptor binding. We used molecular docking to evaluate the affinity of compound-A binding to the ER-α and its 2D interactions and Ramachandran plots. We then ran ADMET experiments on the molecule, which revealed a substantial relationship with the molecule's Estrogen Receptor binding capabilities, as well as scores for absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity

DEVELOPMENT OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BENIDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE BY USING QUALITY BY DESIGN (QbD) APPROACH

Objective: To develop a simple, rapid, accurate, robust and inexpensive spectrophotometric method for the estimation of benidipine hydrochloride by using quality by design (QbD)†approach.Methods: A UV spectrophotometric method was developed on Shimadzu UV-1800 double beam spectrophotometer using methanol as solvent and wavelength of 236 nm was selected as absorbance maxima (ðœ†max). Effect of input variables on spectrum characteristics were studied for the selection of critical parameters and proposed method was validated for various parameters like system suitability, linearity, precision, accuracy, detection limits and quantification limits as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines ICH Q2(R1).Results: Linearity of the method was found to be excellent over the concentration range 3 to 18 µg/ml with high correlation coefficient value of 0.9999. Limits of detection and quantification were found to be 0.20 µg/ml and 0.60 µg/ml respectively. The mean recovery was found to be 100.35 % with low percentage relative standard deviation (% RSD) value. The precision study also has shown low % RSD value (<1). No interfering peaks were observed during specificity studies.Conclusion: Obtained result indicated that the developed spectrophotometric method is robust and efficient for the determination of benidipine hydrochloride

Assessment of awareness towards pharmacovigilance programme of india and reporting of adverse drug reactions among nurses in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The success of PvPI depends upon spontaneous reporting of ADRs by health care professionals especially nurses as they are usually first contact persons for patients in case of ADRs after use of medicines. Underreporting of ADRs due to inadequate reporting culture among health care professionals is the main hindrance in the path of this programme. So, to assess the awareness, attitude and practices of nurses regarding PvPI and ADR reporting this study was undertaken.Methods: It was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study in which 130 nurses responded. The 12-items questionnaire feedback form provided by Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) was used to assess the awareness of nurses towards pharmacovigilance programme and Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting practices.Results: After analysing the questionnaire, it was observed that, despite satisfactory level of awareness and interest of the nurses to participate in this programme, still there is meagre ADR reporting practices among the nurses.Conclusions: Lack of reporting culture and improper communication is the root of problem which should be overcome in future by proper training for patient safety