Incidence and maternal outcome of twin pregnancy

Background: Twin pregnancy is a high-risk pregnancy with different prevalences in different regions of world which is on the rise due to growing use of assisted reproductive technology. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence and maternal complication and outcome of twin pregnancies.Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in 2016-2017 in NSCB medical college and hospital, Jabalpur on 67 twin deliveries. Final outcome was given in terms of percentage and ratio.Results: After assessment of 5995 deliveries during the period 2016-2017 the incidence of twin pregnancy was 1.12 percent. In present study 83.6% of patients were in the age group of 21-30 years. Majority 56.7% were unbooked. 50.7% were primipara. Family history of twin pregnancy was found in 31.3% cases and 17.9% cases have history of ovulation inducing agent. Maximum 65.7% delivered between the gestational age 29-37weeks. Mostly 59.7% were dichorionic-diamniotic twins. Preterm delivery occurred 72.5% in Diamniotic Dichorionic and 85.7% in Monoamniotic Monochorionic. 49.3% cases were having both babies with cephalic presentation. 29.9% twins delivered by cesarean section. most common indication for LSCS in twin pregnancy was malpresentation. Most common complication was preterm labour (52.2%) followed by anaemia and preeclampsia.Conclusions: Twin pregnancy had higher likelihood of maternal adverse effect. The higher morbidity and mortality is due to high percentage of patient being unbooked and majority receive no therapeutic intervention until admission. So all efforts should directed towards better quality antenatal care of twin carrying mother

ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF THYMOQUINONE POSSIBLY THROUGH INVOLVEMENT OF CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR

  Objective: Present study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant-like activity of thymoquinone (TQ) in unstressed and stressed condition and to explore the possible underlying mechanism for this activity.Methods: TQ (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) and fluoxetine per se were administered to the unstressed and stressed mice; immobility periods were observed using forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Effect of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-1 antagonist on antidepressant-like activity was also evaluated. The mechanism of action was also explored by measuring plasma corticosterone levels.Results: TQ (20 mg/kg) and fluoxetine per se significantly decreased immobility periods in stressed mice indicating significant antidepressant-like activity under stress. There was no significant effect on locomotor activity of the mice on treatment with TQ and fluoxetine per se. It significantly decreased plasma corticosterone level. Antalarmin (a CRF-1 receptor antagonist) significantly attenuated TQ induced the antidepressant-like effect in both FST and TST.Conclusion: TQ significantly produced antidepressant-like activity in mice possi‑bly through inhibiting CRF activity and decreasing plasma corticosterone levels.Â

Synthesis, Spectral and Biological Studies of some Transition Metal Complexes Derived from Schiff base of Xipamide Drug

Transition metal complexes of Mn(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), Co(II) have been synthesized from Schiff base of Xipamide drug, that is, 5-aminosulfonyl-4-chloro-N-2,6-dimethyl phenyl-2- hydroxybenzamide. Elemental analyses suggest ML2 stoichiometry for all metals. All the complexes are non-electrolytic in nature as suggested by conductivity data. The ligand behaves as bidentate O, N donor and forms coordinate bonds through C=N and phenolic oxygen. Magnetic susceptibility, electronic, IR, ESR spectral studies suggest that the complexes possess octahedral geometry. The ligand and some of the synthesized complexes were screened for their antibacterial and diuretic activity also

SCREENING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF PROBIOTIC PROPERTIES OF LACTOBACILLUS STRAINS

  Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to isolate and identify Lactobacillus strains from dairy and cattle dung samples. Potent isolates were selected for screening by antimicrobial activity; selected lactobacilli were further tested for probiotic properties and adhesive attributes.Methods: Lactobacilli were isolated aseptically on specific de man, rogosa and sharpe medium from dairy and cattle dung samples. Isolates were identified by Gram-staining, motility, catalase, endospore, and carbohydrate fermentation tests. Further, the isolates were screened for antimicrobial activity by disk diffusion assay, and potent lactobacilli were observed for probiotic properties: Acid and bile salt tolerance, gelatinase activity, and autolytic activity. For analyzing the adhesive attributes, isolates were observed for autoaggregation, coaggregation and microbial adhesion to solvents assay.Results: About 12 Lactobacillus strains among 98 isolates exhibited maximum antimicrobial activity were further selected for identifying their probiotic and adhesive attributes. Among 12 selected isolates, cell-free supernatant (CFS) of buffalo milk BM10 and goat milk GM10 showed excellent antimicrobial activity, 20.34±0.02 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 18.65±0.11 mm against Escherichia coli. Isolates showed survival at pH 2 and 3 and can tolerate 0.2-0.3% bile salt concentrations. The GM5 showed maximum autoaggregation (67.04±0.61%) and minimum coaggregation (11.51±0.50%) showed by GM3. The BM10 exhibited maximum adherent value 64.84±1.41% for n-hexadecane.Conclusion: The two lactobacilli, BM10 and GM10 identified as Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus pentosus on the basis of phenotypic and sugar utilization tests. The CFS of both lactobacilli can be used as antimicrobial agent. Both isolates showed significant results of probiotic and adhesive attributes, therefore, can be evaluated for clinical and therapeutic applications

PIERS calculator- predicting adverse maternal outcome in preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is a multisystem, highly variable disorder unique to pregnancy. For preeclampsia arising remote from term, supportive and temporizing measures are used to improve perinatal outcome. However, the magnitude of the maternal risks associated with expectant management is unclear. The PIER (preeclampsia integrated estimate of risk) score is a recently designed tool which assesses maternal signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings to generate a valid and reliable algorithm for predicting maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with preeclampsia.Methods: The present study was a prospective hospital based observational study carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sultania Zanana Hospital, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal. A total of 125 women with preeclampsia who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Along with history and examination, all relevant and required investigations were done. The fullPIERS calculator was used to calculate the risk of adverse maternal outcome.Results: In the present study, 82(65.6%) women were in the low risk category and only 4 (4.87%) had adverse maternal outcome. High risk patients were 6 (4.8%) and amongst them 5 (83.33%) women had adverse maternal outcome (p-value <0.00001). The result was statistically significant in identifying high risk cases in our study.Conclusions: The fullPIERS calculator gave good results in prediction of adverse maternal outcome according to risk score in women with preeclampsia in our study. It will help the clinicians better manage the patients with preeclampsia specially remote from term and also help health workers in primary and secondary care centres to identify women who are or may become severely ill and who need specialist care and prevent delays in transporting these women to facilities where they can receive appropriate care

Intrusion detection using clustering

In increasing trends of network environment every one gets connected to the system. So there is need of securing information, because there are lots of security threats are present in network environment. A number of techniques are available for intrusion detection. Data mining is the one of the efficient techniques available for intrusion detection. Data mining techniques may be supervised or unsuprevised.Various Author have applied various clustering algorithm for intrusion detection, but all of these are suffers form class dominance, force assignment and No Class problem. This paper proposes a hybrid model to overcome these problems. The performance of proposed model is evaluated over KDD Cup 1999 data set

Leiomyoma of vulva mimmicking bartholin cyst

Leiomyoma of vulva are uncommon findings in women of reproductive age group. It is often misdiagnosed as Bartholin cyst as unilateral swelling of vulva in women of reproductive age group is commonly a bartholin cyst or abscess. We describe a case of leiomyoma that clinically mimicked bartholin duct cyst. Identification of leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma is necessary because of risk of recurrence, need of radiation and or chemotherapy in addition to surgical excision whereas standard treatment for bartholin cyst is marsuplisation

Role of saline infusion sonography in evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common reasons for women seeking gynaecological advice. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of Transvaginal sonography (TVS) and Saline Infusion Sonography (SIS) in evaluation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) and to compare the diagnostic accuracy after hysterectomy.Methods: Prospective, comparative study of TVS and SIS in evaluation of AUB in patients who are being subjected to hysterectomy with uterus of less than 12 weeks.Results: 100 patients were included in the study. 98% were of 30-50 years. Heavy menstrual bleeding was the commonest symptom (52%) and most common finding was fibroid, and Polyp followed by abnormal endometrium. The overall sensitivity and specificity when correlated with operative and HPE were 66% and 88% respectively for TVS and 82% and 95% for SIS respectively. The false positive and false negative rates were more in TVS compared to SIS. Commonest histopathology was intramural fibroid in 42% followed by sub mucus myoma in 21%, polyp 18% and endometrial hyperplasia 10%.Conclusions: SIS is a simple highly sensitive and specific technique to detect intra uterine pathology in the evaluation of AUB when TVS findings are inconclusive

EFFECT OF PREVIOUS SCORPION BITE ON THE EFFICACY OF INTRATHECALLY ADMINISTERED LEVOBUPIVACAINE IN SUBARACHNOID BLOCK

Objectives: Local anesthetics administered by spinal anesthesia acts through sodium channels. Mutations of sodium channels may be responsible for resistance to local anesthetic agents. The scorpion venom contains neurotoxins that block the sodium channels. In view of the high prevalence of scorpion stings in our region and observation of failure of spinal anesthesia in patients with a history of scorpion stings in routine practice, the present study is planned. Methods: Forty patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade I or II who were undergoing infraumbilical surgery were divided into two groups as S (patients with h/o scorpion bite) and C (patients with no such history). The subarachnoid block was given with 3.2 ml of injection Levobupivacaine 0.5% heavy using 26 gauzes Quincke spinal needle. A blind observer recorded a sensory block using a needle prick and a motor block using the Bromage scale. Onset of sensory and motorized block, time to peak of sensory, and motor block and its relation to number of scorpion bites were observed in both the groups. Results: The onset of sensory (2.61±1.68 mins) and motor blockade (2.91±1.80 mins) was significantly delayed in Group S (p=0.010 and 0.004, respectively). Time to peak of sensory and motor blockade was also prolonged in Group S (6.45±2.83 mins and 7.8±3.95 mins) compared to Group C (3.60±0.84 mins and 4.56±1.30 mins) which was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). Patients who had previous scorpion bites (Group S) had a significant failure rate of spinal anesthesia compared to the control group. Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that the patients with scorpion bites had a significant failure rate of spinal anesthesia, suggesting probable resistance to the local anesthetic agents