Corporate Governance Failure And Its Impact On National Australia Banks Performance

The National Australia Bank (NAB) is the largest financial services institution listed on the Australian stock exchange and is within the 30 most profitable financial services organisation in the world. In January 2004, the bank disclosed to the public that it had identified losses relating to unauthorised trading in foreign currency options amounting to AUD360 million. This foreign exchange debacle was classified as operational risk, the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed processes, people, or systems and reiterated the importance of corporate governance for banks. Concurrent issues of National Australia Banks AUD4.1 billion loss on US HomeSide loans in 2001, the degree of strength of their risk management practices and lack of auditor independence, were raised by the US Securities and Exchange Commission in 2004, reinforcing the view that corporate governance had not been given the priority it deserved over a number of years. This paper will assess and critically analyse the impact of corporate governance failure by management and Board of Directors on NABs performance over the years 2001-2005

Ameliorative Effect of Young Leaves of Triticum Aestivum on Carrageenin Induced Inflammation

Abstract : Young leaves of Triticum aestivum is commonly known a

Social Contagion and the Institutionalisation of GRI-based Sustainability Reporting Practices

Peer reviewedPostprin

Civil liberties and social and environmental information transparency : A global investigation of financial institutions

Acknowledgements We thank seminar participants at Macquarie University (Sydney), the University of Tasmania (Hobart), Auckland Uni-versity of Technology (Auckland), the University of South Australia (Adelaide), the University of Calgary (Canada), the Uni-versity of Aberdeen (Scotland), Durham University (England) the University of Regensburg (Germany) and Simon FraserUniversity (Canada) for their thoughtful comments. We also thank participants at the 13th World Congress of AccountingEducators and Researchers (IAAER) in Sydney in 2018 and participants at the 31st International Congress on Social andEnvironmental Accounting Research (CSEAR) in St Andrews in 2019 for their helpful comments.Peer reviewedPostprin

Elastic liposomes mediated transdermal delivery of verapamil hydrochloride

The aim of present investigation was to formulate and characterize elastic liposomes as a delivery system for transdermal delivery of Verapamil hydrochloride, a drug having low oral bioavailability (approx 20%), short biological half-life and extensive first pass metabolism.Verapamil hydrochloride loaded elastic vesicles were prepared by a slightly modified extrusion method using soya phosphatidylcholine and span 80(edge activator). Prepared elastic vesicles were characterized for various parameters such as vesicle shape, vesicle size and size distribution, entrapment efficiency, elasticity measurements, stability studies and in vitro skin permeation studies through excised rat skin (Sprague Dawley) using a locally fabricated Franz diffusion cell. The entrapment efficiency of elastic vesicles was found to be 59.3±3.6%. In vitro skin permeation of verapamil hydrochloride through excised rat skin (Sprague Dawley) revealed that elastic vesicles led to an enhanced transdermal flux (50.2±4.52 mg/cm2/h) of verapamil hydrochloride as compared to liposomes (11.6±2.12mg/cm2/h). Decreased lag time (0.9 h) was also observed in case of elastic liposomes. Our results indicate the feasibility of elastic liposomes for transdermal delivery of verapamil hydrochloride for improved skin permeation. Keywords: Transdermal delivery, Elastic liposomes, Verapamil hydrochloride. &nbsp

Economic resilience of regions under crises : A study of the Australian economy

Economic resilience of regions under crises: a study of the Australian economy, Regional Studies. Identifying patterns of economic resilience in regions by industry categories is the focus of this paper. Patterns emerge from adaptive capacity in four distinct functional groups of local government regions in Australia, in respect of their resilience from shocks on specific industries. A model of regional adaptive cycles around four sequential phases - reorganization, exploitation, conservation and release - is adopted as the framework for recognizing such patterns. A data-mining method utilizes a k-means algorithm to evaluate the impact of two major shocks - a 13-year drought and the Global Financial Crisis - on four functional groups of regions, using census data from 2001, 2006 and 2011. © 2015 Regional Studies Association