577 research outputs found
2,9,16,19,22,25-HexaoxatetraÂcycloÂ[24.4.0.24,7.010,15]dotriaconta-1(26),4,6,10(15),11,13,27,29,31-nonaÂene
The title 22-crown-6 unit, C26H28O6, comprising of three benzo groups and triethylÂene glycol, was prepared by the reaction of α,α′-dibromo-p-xylene with 1,8-bisÂ(2-hydroxyÂphenÂoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane in the presence of Cs2CO3 with tetraÂhydroÂfuran (THF) and recrystallized from dichloroÂmethane–hexane (1:20 v/v) at room temperature. In the molÂecular structure, two O atoms of the central ethylÂene glycol in the triethylÂene glycol unit exhibit exo conformations due to intraÂmolecular C—H⋯O interÂactions. A number of C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interÂmolecular interÂactions contribute to the stabilization of the crystal packing
Directional interacting whispering gallery modes in coupled dielectric microdisks
We study the optical interaction in a coupled dielectric microdisks by
investigating the splitting of resonance positions of interacting whispering
gallery modes (WGMs) and their pattern change, depending on the distance
between the microdisks. It is shown that the interaction between the WGMs with
odd parity about y-axis becomes appreciable at a distance less than a
wavelength and causes directional emissions of the resulting interacting WGMs.
The directionality of the interacting WGMs can be understood in terms of an
effective boundary deformation in ray dynamical analysis. We also discuss about
the oscillation of the splitting when the distance is greater than a
wavelength.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figure
Lower Extremity Reconstruction Using Vastus Lateralis Myocutaneous Flap versus Anterolateral Thigh Fasciocutaneous Flap
BackgroundThe anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator flap has become a popular option for treating soft tissue defects of lower extremity reconstruction and can be combined with a segment of the vastus lateralis muscle. We present a comparison of the use of the ALT fasciocutaneous (ALT-FC) and myocutaneous flaps.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients in whom free-tissue transfer was performed between 2005 and 2011 for the reconstruction of lower extremity soft-tissue defects. Twenty-four patients were divided into two groups: reconstruction using an ALT-FC flap (12 cases) and reconstruction using a vastus lateralis myocutaneous (VL-MC) flap (12 cases). Postoperative complications, functional results, cosmetic results, and donor-site morbidities were studied.ResultsComplete flap survival was 100% in both groups. A flap complication was noted in one case (marginal dehiscence) of the ALT-FC group, and no complications were noted in the VL-MC group. In both groups, one case of partial skin graft loss occurred at the donor site, and debulking surgeries were needed for two cases. There were no significant differences in the mean scores for either functional or cosmetic outcomes in either group.ConclusionsThe VL-MC flap is able to fill occasional dead space and has comparable survival rates to ALT-FC with minimal donor-site morbidity. Additionally, the VL-MC flap is easily elevated without myocutaneous perforator injury
Excess cost of non-remission among outpatients with major depressive disorder
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the economic benefit of achieving remission among outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who are currently employed in Korea. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. A total of 337 outpatients with MDD with paid jobs were recruited from 14 psychiatric clinics in Korea and were then divided into three groups as follows: new visit group (n = 128), remitted group (n = 100) and non-remitted group (n = 109). The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was used to decide whether a patient should be assigned to the remitted or non-remitted group. Direct medical and non-medical costs were measured via interview with the subjects. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) were applied in order to measure the lost productive time (LPT) and related productivity costs. Results: The three groups did not show a significant difference in direct medical cost. However, the difference between the remitted group and non-remitted group was statistically significant (25.49 ± 52.99 vs. 44.79 ± 126.55, χ2 = 12.99, p = 0.0015). The remitted group demonstrated a significant improvement in productivity (particularly presenteeism) when compared with the new visit group (Z = −3.29, p = 0.001). Although the non-remitted group received treatment at psychiatric clinics similar to the remitted group, it lost 33 more working hours per month, which is compatible to $332 per month. Conclusion: These results suggest the economic importance of achieving remission in treating depression
Chaos Synchronization of delayed systems in the presence of delay time modulation
We investigate synchronization in the presence of delay time modulation for
application to communication. We have observed that the robust synchronization
is established by a common delay signal and its threshold is presented using
Lyapunov exponents analysis. The influence of the delay time modulation in
chaotic oscillators is also discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
- …